Reduced consumer trust, both of organizations and advertising, has led to electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) becoming an increasingly popular way of obtaining competitive advantage. e-WOM is especially relevant with regard to tourism, specifically tourists' attitudes toward such destinations. This study explores the empirical and theoretical evidence regarding the causal e-WOM relationships between tourists' attitudes regarding specific destinations and actual intention to travel. In the context of visits to Jordan, we applied SEM technique to examine these relationships. A pre-validated questionnaire was distributed to a convenience sample with response rate of 97.3%. The result revealed that e-WOM communications positively impact tourists' travel intentions and their attitudes toward Jordan as a destination, while a positive effect is found for the attitudes toward Jordan visit on their intention to travel. Managers of travel agency can consider various aspects of e-WOM to encourage tourists to participate in online travel communities and to build such communities, as this will foster trust in terms of visiting Jordan.

This paper evaluates the impact of service quality underlying the SERVQUAL model on customer loyalty, with customer satisfaction mediating these variables. This analytical study is mainly based on the primary data collected through a questionnaire that was personally administered to 422 individuals selected from five local banks in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The findings indicate that improving service quality can help to enhance customer loyalty. Empathy, assurance, and reliability are the service quality dimensions that play significant roles in this equation. The study's findings indicate that while the respondents evaluate the banks positively overall, there is still room for improvement. Few studies have assessed customer loyalty in Saudi banking. Increased competition between banks means that service quality is increasingly important and bank managers should consider how they can improve customer satisfaction with respect to service quality in order to enhance customer loyalty.

Introduction: Pharmaceutical marketing practices are one of the main reasons that massively influence the physician's prescribing behavior. This issue has been hardly explored in very little studies that investigated the impact of pharmaceutical marketing strategies on prescribing patterns in developing countries and Middle Eastern countries. Objective: This paper aims to explore the impact of pharmaceutical marketing practices on the medication recommendation of physicians in Jordan. Methods: The convenience sampling method was used to attain the objectives of the study. The duration of the study was from 1 st August 2019 till 28 th February 2020. A self-administrative questionnaire was used upon receiving ethical approval, verbal consent was also taken from the participant. SPSS version 20 was used to perform statistical analysis. Results: The response rate to the survey was 80.9%. Then the processed data inferred the result, which was evaluated based on a seven-point Likert Scale. From the observations, one can conclude that pharmaceutical marketing practices have tremendous power over manipulating the prescription behavior of the doctors. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of various promotional tools employed by the markets to achieve their goal. After scrutinizing the whole report, the "public relations" strategy was found to be profound of all. Whereas advertisements using print media caught the least attention. Conclusion: The findings of the present study proved to be instrumental in serving as the first step in the imminent direction of merging this paper with the previous literature. From a managerial perspective, this research can benefit various marketers to evolve novel, refined strategies to influence the Jordanian physicians to boost up their ratings.

The country of origin or where a given product was designed or assembled has been found to be influential in several consumer studies. With the differentiation between the country of assembly and the country of design, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of country of origin (COO) factors on the purchasing decisions made by purchasing Saudi managers in Saudi Arabia. The study identifes COO for two types of products, machine tools and component parts. Using convenience sampling method, a pilot-tested questionnaire survey was sent out by email to 531 industrial managers responsible of the machine tools purchasing and components parts in Saudi Arabia with a response rate was 62 %, the author presents findings on purchasing managers' perceptions of industrial products sourced from a total of 18 countries. The findings of this study revealed that COO is a significant and major factor in Saudi managers' purchase decisions with respect to industrial products. This study provides Saudi perspectives and insights on the ongoing debate regarding the role of country of origin in our increasingly globalized world. The study is timely in view of the continued pace of globalization, with most multinationals outsourcing their production in one or more countries. The results should be of interest to a variety of organizations involved in industrial products, including designers, manufacturers, buyers and other stakeholders.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the key antecedents of Saudi consumers' attitudes toward counterfeit products. The study is also set out to examine the relationship of consumers' attitude towards counterfeit product with purchase intention. The study adopted the self-administered survey methodology technique using a pre-validated pre-piloted questionnaire. The questionnaire was adapted from one previously used in Brazil. A survey of 520 respondents was selected in Riyadh market based on convenience-sampling method to test the hypothesized relationships using structural equation model (SEM) with maximum likelihood estimation. The empirical results from the structural model suggest that Saudi consumers' intentions to buy counterfeited products are influenced by perceived risk, subjective norm, price-quality inference, prior purchase of counterfeits, and integrity. The paper reinforces the mediator role that attitude plays in the relationship between these antecedents and behavioral intentions. By having a better understanding of the consumers' behavioral intentions of buying counterfeit products, the manufacturers and marketers of the genuine brand products can make better marketing strategies to entice the consumer to buy the original product and not the counterfeit version. Theoretical contribution of this study is an extension of knowledge of consumers' attitude with regards to counterfeit products.