This research paper was carried to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of copper at levels 50 and100 ppm, from various sources, inorganic (copper sulfate, CuSO4) or organic (copper-methionine, Cu-Met and copper-glycine, Cu-gly) on the productive traits, blood parameters, carcass traits and cecal bacterial count of broiler chickens. Three hundred and fifty Cobb 500 broiler chickens at 7 days of age were randomly divided into 7 groups (each of 50 birds): the 1 st group was fed a commercial basal diet without any supplementation (control), the 2 nd and 3 rd groups were fed control diet supplemented with 50 and 100 ppm of CuSO4, the 4 th and 5 th groups were fed control diet supplemented with Cu-Met at 50 and 100 ppm and the 6 th and 7 th groups were fed basal diet supplemented with Cu-gly at 50 and 100 ppm. Results showed that birds fed basal diet supplemented with inorganic or organic Cu had significantly better live body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, economic efficiency and production index, while feed consumption was reduced compared with control group. However, the groups supplemented with organic Cu showed significantly improved on performance traits compared with the other groups. Supplementation of dietary Cu from different sources significantly decreased serum total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, creatinine and malondialdehyde. On the other hand supplementation of dietary Cu from different sources significantly increased the levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, glucose, globulin, alkaline phosphatase, triiodothyronine hormone, serum immunoglobulin (IgG and IgM) and total antioxidant capacity compared with the control group. Additionally, percentage of dressing and spleen were increased, while abdominal fat was decreased but not significant in Cu-supplemented birds. Moreover, Cu supplementation decreased total bacterial count (Salmonella, E. coli and Proteus) compared with the control. In conclusion, Cu supplementation with 100 ppm of Cu-gly or Cu-Met of diet were improved the growth performance, and physiological and immune response of broiler chickens. Broilers fed organic Cu had better growth and immune response than those fed inorganic Cu.

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The electrochemical behaviour of AISI 416 and 440 martensitic stainless steel in alcoholic solutions (ethanol, iso-propanol and t-butanol) containing different concentractions of sulfuric acid (0,1 to 2M) has been investigated using potentiostatic anodic-cathodic polarization techniques.An activ-passive transition behaviour were observed and the critical current density (CD) for passivity was fOood to be dependent on tile concentration of acid in alcohols.The effect of water additions (5, 10, 15%) to IM H2S04 alcohols has been also investigated. It was found that the presence of water strongly influences the passivation of both steels in 1M H2S04alcoholic solutions.

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