The practicum laboratory is one of the crucial factors in lectures whose practice is still experiencing many obstacles during the pandemic in Indonesia. Due to online learning regulations that require students not to be active in campus laboratories. This research with an R&D approach aims to produce e-learning products based on virtual laboratories and meet the limited access to practicum laboratories. This study involved 101 students who were used as respondents and research subjects. With an R&D approach and using the Rowntree development model, the product is refined at a level. In the first stage, the research team conducted a preliminary study to photograph student learning models in the industrial 4.0 era amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The second stage is to create an e-learning model based on a virtual laboratory with Zoom in quantitative research methods courses using SPSS software. In this study, the research team designed two versions of the training model, which were consulted with experts and then revised based on the consultation results. Small-scale and large-scale product testing was carried out by the team research so that, in the end, the virtual laboratory product was obtained in the final. In the post-test assessment, the research results positively prove that 99% of students agree with the existence of virtual laboratory-based e-learning. Based on these results, a virtual laboratory must be immediately created through e-learning or online learning supported by an active learning approach so that students will be able to practice quantitative data analysis optimally using SPSS.

In the Fourth Industrial Revolution era (Industry 4.0), everything is required to be flexible, including a bureaucratic system, especially in the education bureaucracy where education is a pillar in the progress of the nation because education is in direct contact with the nation's next generation. Today, the government continues to do its best and to seek innovation to create an attractive, non-monotonous, and flexible education world according to the needs of the times. If in the past all decisions were left to the central government, now in accordance with the times, it has been delegated for effectiveness. This is known as decentralization, where there is a devolution of authority from the central government to the regions to regulate and manage their own affairs. Thus, decentralization enters every field of national development, one of which is education. With the existence of decentralization in the education sector, education has the flexibility according to the location of its autonomy whether in regions, schools, or universities to make decisions and utilize existing resources without having to violate protocols from the central government. This paper used a qualitative approach and used library research or content analysis as research method, namely by discussing the results of previous studies which discussed the decentralization of higher education. The results showed that the main key to the success of this decentralization of education is the existence of cooperation and accountability of every activity and educational process carried out. However, in fact, this decentralization is not easy, there are still many pros and cons in its implementation, especially how the implementation of decentralization in higher education, namely state universities with PTN-BH status (state universities with legal entity status) are a form of educational commercialization. In fact, PTN-BH is still being continued. Even the Minister of Education and Culture has made it easy for universities wishing to change their status to become a legal entity.

Educational supervision is one of the principal functions and duties of the principal. The principal as a pedagogical supervisor must be guided by the objectives of the pedagogical supervisor, namely to improve teaching and improve the quality of teacher work. In this case, government policies, regulations or programs related to education supervision are needed. Therefore, this study aims to identify government policies and programs in the field of school supervision. The data collection technique used is a literature review with qualitative research methods. This study concludes that government policies and programs in the form of driving teacher programs act as wheels to change education for the better in the future and can reproduce quality supervisors.

This paper aims to understand how educational supervision is to increase teacher professionalism and how efforts can be made to improve teacher professionalism. This paper uses a qualitative method with analysis from various literature studies. Data analysis techniques according to Miles Huberman and Sandana (2014). The results of the study prove that the impact of educational supervision has an effect on improving the quality of teacher professionalism. In addition, the principal also plays an important role in the professional improvement of teachers. Principals must be able to be good consultants for teachers by providing assistance in solving problems or difficulties experienced by teachers. To increase teacher professionalism, a school principal is also expected to be able to provide input that can help teachers.

<span>Organizational change is a phenomenon that must be faced and carried out by every individual in the organization to achieve organizational goals. Embodiments of organizational change often occur not because it suits the needs of the organization but because of personal interests and power. This study aimed to determine the main factors that can create change, namely the relationship of leadership and political pressure of school principals that influence organizational change in the Public Secondary School in Madura, East Java, Indonesia. This research used a quantitative approach to survey methods. Based on the achievement of its objectives, this study included causal explanation research, the analysis of this study using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and a sample of about 650 people collected from 1000 respondents taken from 130 schools through probability sampling techniques using AMOS software. The results showed that the leadership and political pressure of regional heads were the main factors of organizational change at SMPN (Public Secondary School) in Madura, East Java. Organizational Change depends very much on the role of the political pressure of the regional head through education policy, as well as the role of the principal's leadership in running the wheels of the organization so that the school's goals can be achieved. This study also showed that the principal's leadership as an intermediary variable from political pressure shows no influence because the political pressure of the regional head is directly related to organizational change.</span>