Sixteen fungal isolates were recovered from infected peanut seeds on blotter and potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Among these isolates, Sclerotium rolfsii recorded the highest percentage on infected seeds. Seven essential oils of plant origin were evaluated for their action on the suppression of S. rolfsii. These oils were cinnamon oil, basil oil, lemon grass, tea oil, spearmint oil, mustard oil, and thyme oil. There was a reduction in the mycelium linear growth by increasing the oils concentrations. All the tested oils inhibited the sclerotial germination but at different concentrations. Higher concentrations of oils had an inhibitive effect while lower concentrations had a static action on the mycelial growth as well as sclerotial germination of S. rolfsii. Two concentrations for each of the 7 tested oils were tested for their effect on the development of the disease from infected seeds. Results revealed that basil and thyme oils at 2% caused 100% suppression of the fungal infection. Scanning electron microscopy of S. rolfsii treated with thyme oil showed that the volatile toxic compounds of the oil had a negative effect on the mycelium and the structure of sclerotia of seed-borne S. rolfsii.

The presence of TSP in the colon is not specific and merely indicates the presence of a disease process.

Oropouche virus (OROV) is an arthropod-borne virus of the Peribunyaviridae family, transmitted to humans primarily by Culicoides paraensis. It is one of the main arboviruses that infect humans in Brazil, mainly in the Amazon region. We report the OROV detection in the saliva and urine five days after the symptom’s onset. Results were further confirmed by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report that OROV may be detected in the saliva and urine of infected patients. In addition, our results may contribute to the current knowledge regarding the natural history of Oropouche fever.

One hundred chicks, one day old were divided into 10 groups. The first group was control negative and the second was control positive (infected with E. coli O 78). The other eight groups treated either by Thymus vulgaris (1 or 2 ml/ 1 litter drinking water) or zingiber officinale (5 or 10 ml/ 1 litter drinking water) from the first day old till the end of the experiment. Experimental infection was done orally to 4 groups only of the 8 groups at 10 days old. Biochemical profiles showed better results with higher doses of either Thymus vulgaris or zingiber officinale extract in comparision with lower doses of the same extract either in infected with E.coli O78 or natural not infected chicks. The treated experimentally infected groups showed better results than compare to positive control group. These biochemical results are confirmed by the histopathological pictures that prepared by taking specimens from intestine, kidneys, liver, lung, spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricious. The microscopic examination cleared pathological changes in the control positive also the infected treated groups with lower doses of any of the two extracts. On the other hand, the infected treated groups with higher extracts doses showed better improvements in the microscopic pictures than the infected treated with lower doses.

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