Sugar is an important strategic commodity for all countries of the world. Sugar after wheat is of strategic importance in Egypt. It was, therefore, necessary to pay full attention to sugary crops, especially sugar cane, to increase productivity and to bridge the gap between production and consumption by increasing the productivity of sugarcane. The main problem of sugar cane plantation is the harvesting process. The sugarcane harvesting season lasts for 5 months in Egypt, starting in Dec. and ending in May. A tractor-operated sugarcane harvester was designed, manufactured, and tested, and the machine parts was designed by using "SolidWorks" software, and this program helps to find out the typical dimensions of various components of machine with great accuracy in small time. The machine was manufacturing and constructed by using the low-cost material available in local market. Results of the tests showed that the effective field capacity ranged from 1.16 to 1.3 Fed/h and increased with an increase in row spacing and forward speed. In the high crop density fields, the cutter head efficiency averaged 100 %. It, however, increased with a decrease in cutting height and, increased with an increase in row spacing and number of knives. The throughput capacity increased from 42.9 to 79.02 t/h as the row spacing increased from 71 to 88.75 cm and the maximum total operating costs are 120 EGP/h (98.5 and 92.3 EGP/Fed) depending on the power requirements.

Accurate pesticide application from sprayers is essential in modern farming practice. Evenness of flow characteristics of liquid from a sprayer nozzle is one of the requirements of accurate pesticide application. Hence, a study aimed to evaluate the flow characteristics of liquid from four different spray nozzles 422HCC02, 422HCC025, 422HCC03, and 422HCC05 on a horizontal spray patternator. The discharge rate, spray distribution pattern, spray swath of all types of nozzles were measured with a pressure range of 6.0 and 9.5 bar at three different nozzle height (30, 40 and 50 cm). The results showed that, Distribution uniformity of spraying machine ranged between (95.88 to 99.17 %), spray overlap varies from 7.5 to 47.5 cm, depending on spraying height and pressure, maximum spray angle was 89.59 ° at 30 cm height and 9.5 bar. Also, the results indicated that maximum spray angle 96.77 when the spraying pressure was 9.5 bar.

Recently, interest has increased in the technology of manufacturing and controlling agricultural robots by remote control system using Arduino shield. Forward speed control and steering are the most important points in the designing of agricultural robots. Due to the high prices of DC motors and unavailability in the local markets with the desired power, thus this study the possibility of using AC motors by inventing an inexpensive method through which a robot can be operated using AC motors and it can also be operated and controlled remotely using an Arduino board Via Bluetooth, which leads to reduce the manufacturing costs of the robot and thus reduce the operating costs in performing the required process.Peer review under responsibility of Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Al-

Accurate pesticide application from sprayers, is essential in modern farming practice as it increased pest control, reduced pesticide costs and wastage, and greater environmental safety. Evenness of flow characteristics of liquid from a sprayer nozzle is one of the requirements of accurate pesticide application. Hence, a study was undertaken to evaluate the flow characteristics of liquid from four different spray nozzles (hollow cone ceramic nozzle (HCC)) 422HCC02, 422HCC025, 422HCC03, and 422HCC05 on a horizontal spray patternator. The discharge rate, spray distribution pattern, spray swath of all the types of nozzles were measured with a pressure range from 6.0 to 9.5 bar at three different nozzle heights (30, 40, and 50 cm). Considerable variations in pattern occurred between successive runs with individual nozzles: The maximum coefficient of variation (C.V.) for the average of nozzle discharges was within the permissible limits because it is less than 10%. It was observed that with the increment of operating pressure and spraying height, the swath width was found to be increased. The average discharge from hollow cone ceramic nozzles has been increased as a result of the increased operating pressure of the pump where the average discharge for 422HCC02 nozzle ranged between (0.98 to 1.35 L/min), for 422HCC025 nozzle ranged between (1.15 to 1.65 L/min), for 422HCC03 nozzle ranged between (1.23 to 1.76 L/min), for 422HCC05 nozzle ranged between (1.35 to 2.03 L/min) when the pump pressure increased from 6.0 bar to 9.5 bar.