The cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd) is a key polyphagous pest in Egypt. Without a hibernation period, the cotton leafworm is active all year. It was the most destructive insect pest of the great variation of important vegetables and field crops, approximately 112 species belonging to 4411families are attacked by this pest. Among the wide range of hosts, cotton, soybean, maize, wheat and vegetable crops (e.g., tomato, potato and strawberry) are processes in insects such as chitin synthesis inhibitors, juvenile hormone mimics, and ecdysone agonists.This group of insecticides consists of various compounds acting on insects of different orders by inhibiting chitin formation, thereby causing abnormal endocuticular deposition and abortive molting. The activity of biochemical sites (IPM). They have high pathogenicity for target pests. Safe for most non-target organisms, and have good integration with other pest control methods (Ibrahim et al.,.2010).The principal aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxic effect of Dipel DF, Jojoba and Chlorypyrifos in addition to untreated check control against.S. littoralis

Synthesized formulated chromen derivatives as dustable powders were previously tested biologically against cotton leafworm S. littoralis larvae 2 nd and 4 th instar larvae in the lab and were found to have good insecticidal efficacy. The primary goal of this study was to assess the insecticidal effectiveness of two previously reported synthesized and formulated chromen derivatives as dustable powder formulations (DP) F2 9.5 % and F3 10 % against the pink and spiny bollworms (Pectinophora gossypiella and Earias insulana), respectively, under field conditions in two different locations, the Agricultural Research Center Station "Quaha" in the Qualyoubia Governorate and "El Mahala El ElKoubra" in "Gharbia" Governorate during 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 seasons. During the seasons of treatment, two distinct treatments, one spray and two sprays were used, and cotton yield and fiber characteristics were also researched. Dustable powder formulation F2 demonstrated stronger biological efficacy on both pests under study than dustable powder formulation F3 for both treatment modalities. During the two study seasons, one spray treatment with dustable powder formulations had a stronger impact on P. gossypiella and E. insulana than the two spray treatments. In addition, F2 was more effective on P. gossypiella than on E. insulana in both study governorates and both seasons. Although the yield produced utilizing the F3 dustable powder formulation was far higher than that obtained using the F2, the cotton yield and fiber characteristics were also much better than the control. After all necessary research is completed, dustable powder formulations based on chromen compounds might be applied to control P. gossypiella and E. insulana in the future.

Two endophytic bacterial isolates were obtained from root nodules of clover plants grown in salt affected clay soil of Egypt. The isolates were closely linked to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains IPR-Pv696 and 262XG2 based on the sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA genes, and deposited in GenBank with accession numbers OM980221.1 (AM1) and OM980223.1 (AM2) respectively. The isolates were evaluated for their potential to promote plant growth. The results revealed that the two isolates of S. maltophilia strains (IPR-Pv696 and 262XG2) respectively exhibited production for indole-3- acetic acid (30.26 & 31.15 µg/ml), exopolysaccharides (13.57 & 13.68 g/l), nitrogen fixation activity and they solubilize the phosphate (278 & 208 mg/l) and potassium (33.5 & 32.9 µg/ml). In a field trial, these two isolates increased clover plant growth, chlorophyll, carbohydrates content and nutrients uptake while lowering proline levels. Hence this highlights its application to be exploited as biofertilizer by leading to sustainable agriculture. This could be a promising inoculant for many other crops.

Article History

The cotton leafworm. Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd) was reared on two artificial diets named, kidney bean and broad bean incomparable with feeding on castor bean leave under laboratory conditions i.e. 27 ± 1 º C and 70 ± 5 % R.H. The biological aspects were obtained through two generations. The two artificial diets kidney bean and broad bean were more preferred to the insect as compared to the fresh host plant (castor bean leaves). The results revealed that the mean weight of larval instars, when reared on artificial diets, was higher than that recorded when feeding on castor bean leaves and also egg deposited by females. Moreover, the duration of generation was affected by the rearing on artificial diets (31 and 33 days), respectively. On the other hand, the generation that was reared on castor bean leaves was not affected (37 days). The larval duration was higher (21days) when feeding on castor bean than the two other diets Kidney bean and broad bean which recorded (18 and 16 days), respectively, On the other hand, the adult longevity females were (7, 9 and 6 days) when feeding on Kidney bean, broad bean and castor bean leaves, respectively. It is concluded that brood bean diet is the best to conduct out the different bioassays for the cotton leafworm,