Introduction: Burnout is the clinical manifestation of occupational stress most frequently encountered in bank employees who have direct and intensive demanding relationship with customers of banks. Aim of Work: to study the prevalence and risk factors of the phenomenon of job burnout among employees in National Bank of Egypt (NBE) at Mansoura city. Materials and methods: a cross sectional study, included 127 total bank employees (111 males, 16 females) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria participated in the study. Results: NBE employees who experienced burnout were 8.7%. Those who had a high level burnout as regards emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal achievement were 23.6%, 35.4% and 89.0% respectively. About 63.6% of those experienced burnout was ≥40 years, 90.9% were males, 72.7% were from urban areas, 100.0% were married, 72.7% had completed university education, 36.4% were smokers, 90.9% were physically inactive and 72.7% were obese. NBE employees who experienced burnout were financial managers (54.5%) and customer services representatives (45.5%). About 63.6% of NBE employees suffered from burnout had duration of employment ≥ 15 years, 100.0% worked > 8 hours / day and 72.7 did not take rest break. Conclusion: There was a small percentage of employees (8.7%) who were experienced burnout that can be easily reduced by task variation, work shift, coping strategies, time and workload management.

Introduction: Shift work means working at times out of normal daylight hours (8:00 am to 2:00 pm) or work during the weekends. Also it refers to a work schedule that involves irregular or unusual hours, such as night work and rotating shift work, in contrast to normal daytime work. Shift workers prefer to eat fast foods and tend to have fewer meals over 24 hours. Security guards experience shifts that negatively affect their dietary behavior and nutritional status. Aim of work: To assess the effect of shift work on dietary habits and nutrients intake among the security guards at Mansoura University. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study of all (166) security guards at Mansoura University who were exposed to an interviewer-administrated questionnaire for socio-demographic data and occupational history, anthropometric measurement, evaluation of dietary habits and dietary survey. Results: Mean±SD of Body Mass Index (BMI) (34.6±8.8) and waist circumference (105.1±15.9 cm) were statistically significantly higher among night shift guards than those with other shifts. Number of meals was statistically significantly fewer (2 meals/day) but snacks number was significantly higher (> 3 snacks/day) among night shift guards. Night shift guards had the highest daily carbohydrate and fat intake and lowest daily protein intake with a statistically significant difference with other shifts. They also had the lowest daily intake of iron, calcium and vitamin. Conclusion: Security guards with night shift experienced few meals intake with more snacks during their shift with reduced intake of protein, iron, calcium and vitamin A and with increased carbohydrate and fat intake.

Background: The WHO and International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD) developed a list of indicators that are broadly used for evaluating irrational drug prescribing. The objective of the current study is to measure drug use indicators in urban and rural primary health care facilitates in Mansoura district. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was carried out on 450 encounters attended urban and rural primary health facilities in Mansoura district, Dakahlia Governorate during the period from October 1, 2016 to September 30, 2017. Results: Prescriptions of drugs with generic names and prescriptions with antibiotics were 51.9% and 40.9% respectively. The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 1.9 (SD 0.41). The average consultation time and the average dispensing time were 7.3 (SD 1.7) minutes and 32.2 (SD 6.9) seconds respectively. Drugs adequately labeled were 57.6% and 52.4% of encounters knew the correct dosage. In addition, 14.7% of encounters were cured without drugs. The average drug cost per encounter at the time of the study was 19.67 (SD 2.92) EGP. Regarding urbanrural inequality concerning drug use indicators, the following were significantly higher in rural than in urban health care facilities (prescriptions with antibiotics, average number of drugs prescribed per encounter, average consultation time, average dispensing time, drugs adequately labeled, percentage of cure without drugs and the average drug cost per encounter at the time of the study). Conclusion:There is an irrational use of drugs in primary health care facilitates in Mansoura district when investigated by the WHO/INRUD drug indicators.

Introduction: Metacarpal fractures of the hand occur in active and working population. Objective: The objective of this article is to compare between occupational and non occupational metacarpal fractures. Methods: This is a cross-sectional comparative study with prospective components among patients with metacarpal fractures admitted to the Mansoura University Emergency Hospital in a 6-month period. Data were collected using a questionnaire that included personal and occupational histories and accident analysis. Clinical and radiological assessment of healing was done by DASH score and handgrip strength. Disability was estimated according to the Egyptian Labour Law. Results: Of 149 patients, 56.4% and 43.6% were occupational and non occupational metacarpal fractures, respectively. The independent predictors of occupational metacarpal fracture are less than secondary education (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) ¼ 4.2 (2-8.4)), being married (AOR ¼ 4.2 (2.1-8.5)), and being a male (AOR ¼ 7 (2.5-20)). Conclusions: Lower education, being married, and being a male are risk factors of occupational metacarpal fractures. Surgery showed better hand function than conservative management.