Background: Presenteeism is an emerging work-related health problem among train drivers. It is more serious than absenteeism, as it accounts for higher productivity losses over the long term and may increase the risk of occupational accidents. Train drivers have high rates of mental and physical health conditions that may put them at high risk of presenteeism. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 train drivers working in Mansoura railway station and 100 administrative employees working in the Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura university as a comparison group to estimate the prevalence of presenteeism and its associated factors among train drivers working in Mansoura railway station, Egypt. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic, occupational and medical data. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was used to measure non-specific psychological distress. The Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6) was used to assess productivity loss related to sickness presenteeism. Results: The prevalence of presenteeism was significantly higher among train drivers (76%) compared to the comparison group (31%). All participants (100%) with psychological distress reported presenteeism. Being a train driver (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=5.4) and having hypertension (AOR=4.03) are independent predictors for presenteeism. Conclusions: The prevalence of presenteeism and its associated risk factors were significantly higher among train drivers than the comparison group. There is an urgent need for the railway industry to understand the factors that may contribute to presenteeism.

Introduction: Healthcare workers (HCWs) wear personal protective equipment (PPE) and use hand sanitizers in addition to frequent hand washing during work time which is one of the fundamental infection control guidelines to prevent different hospital infections. The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic urged the use of PPE for longer periods and the more frequent hand washing/ or disinfectants use which attributed to the development of skin adverse effects as contact dermatitis.

Introduction: Egypt is ranked the 3rd country in the world with the highest mortality rates due to road traffic accidents. Epidemiological studies have confirmed that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with an increased risk of motor vehicle crashes (MVC) and early death. OSA is an important health and safety issue in the workplace because of its frequency, co-morbidities and potential to impair worker's performance. Aim of work: To estimate the prevalence of accidents among commercial drivers with suspected OSA and to identify the risk factors of road traffic accidents (RTA) by comparing drivers with accidents versus (vs) no accidents. Materials and methods: Nested case-control study was carried upon (150) commercial drivers suspected to have OSA attended the Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) Unit and accepted to participate in the study during two years starting from November 2016. Data was collected using a questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics, occupational, medical and driving histories as well as history of sleep related accidents or near accident and mean daily sleep duration. Clinical examination, laboratory tests were done (invasive and noninvasive blood gases) and sleep questionnaires (ESS, FOSQ-10, Berlin questionnaire and STOP BANG questionnaire) were completed. Results: The prevalence of accidents was (46.0%) among the studied drivers. The prevalence of OSA was statistically significantly higher among those with accidents (81.2%) than those without accidents (60.5%) and the significant independent predictors of accidents among drivers were having 1st class license, shift work, rapid eye movement sleep (REM) % and OSA. Conclusion: The prevalence of OSA was higher among those with accidents than those without accidents and OSA was independent significant predictor of RTA.

Introduction: The staffs working in community pharmacies are at high risk of all forms of workplace violence. The studies investigating the prevalence or the psychological impacts of work related violence in community pharmacies are deficient. Aim of work: To estimate the period prevalence (last 12 months) of work-related violence, its types, associated factors and psychological effects among pharmacists/assistants in community pharmacies in Mansoura city. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was done in community pharmacies in Mansoura city. A total of 509 pharmacists/assistants completed the questionnaire. Data was collected using a questionnaire included personal and socio-demographic data, occupational history and history of exposure to any violent incident in the last 12 months. The questionnaire included details of the last violent incident and the subjective response to a violent event, using the Arabic version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Results: The overall prevalence of exposure to any type of violence in the last 12 months was 34.6 %. The prevalence of verbal violence was higher than the prevalence of threat, physical violence and bullying (29.7% vs. 11.6%, 10.8% and 9.6%; respectively). The significant independent predictors of any form of workplace violence were the age group from 19 to 40 years, being assistant pharmacist , working in night shifts and having little or moderate/severe worrying about work related violence. Conclusion: The workplace violence was prevalent among working pharmacists / assistants in Mansoura city (in the last 12 months) and the verbal violence was the commonest type. About one third of those exposed to violence had clinically significant IES-R scores indicating having post-traumatic stress disorder.

Background: Presenteeism is an emerging work-related health problem among train drivers. It is more serious than absenteeism, as it accounts for higher productivity losses and may increase the risk of occupational accidents. Train drivers have high rates of mental and physical health conditions that may put them at high risk of presenteeism. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 train drivers working in Mansoura railway station and 100 administrative employees working in the Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura university as a comparison group to estimate the prevalence of presenteeism and its associated factors among train drivers working in Mansoura railway station, Egypt. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic, occupational and medical data. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was used to measure non-specific psychological distress. The Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6) was used to assess productivity loss related to sickness presenteeism. Results: The prevalence of presenteeism was significantly higher among train drivers (76%) compared to the comparison group (31%). All participants (100%) with psychological distress reported presenteeism. Being a train driver (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=5.4) and having hypertension (AOR=4.03) are independent predictors for presenteeism. Conclusions: The prevalence of presenteeism and its associated risk factors were significantly higher among train drivers than the comparison group. There is an urgent need for the railway industry to understand the factors that may contribute to presenteeism.