No abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus continues to be an important clinical problem throughout the world In 2014, 8.5% of adults aged 18 years and older had diabetes. In 2015, diabetes was the direct cause of 1.6 million deaths. Objectives: To investigate the role of retinol binding protein (RBP) in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This cross-sectional observational study recruited patients with longstanding T2DM and healthy control subjects. Patients with T2DM were further stratified based on their urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR). Urinary concentrations of RBP were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.