The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of an educational program based on images and graphics in developing some spatial and temporal concepts among kindergarten children. The researchers used the semi-experimental approach, and the sample of the study, chosen randomly, consisted of (50) children and distributed among the two study groups (25) groups. Experimental and (25) control groups. The researchers prepared the study tools represented by the educational program and a test that measures temporal and spatial concepts after confirming their validity and stability. The results of the study showed statistically significant differences between the members of the two groups in favor of the experimental group, and the study recommended including this program in kindergarten curricula.

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The purpose of this study is to explore the capacity of the working memory among secondary stage students in Amman second educational directorate and its relationship with their ability to retain information. To explore their level of working memory, listening test period developed by (Daneman & Carpenter, 1980) was used, and the test consisted of 40 items. Moreover, the researcher used retention ability test in biology with 20 items. The sample of the study was selected from eight schools through random clustering total 293 male and female students in the school year 2010/2011. The findings of the study showed that the capacity of the working memory among students was high and their ability to retain was low. There is a positive significant relationship between the capacity of the working memory and the level of the ability to retain information. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers recommended the need of taking careful attention to mnemonics and the strategies that may help working memory in restoring and processing, concentrating in teaching methods that help students to employ more than one sense in addition to the direct experience in teaching to increase the working memory capacity among students and help them to improve information processing strategies. Moreover, they conduct more studies on working memory and its relationship with psychological and cognitive variables in other educational stages.

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This study aimed to reveal the reasons for the reluctance to participate in the parliamentary elections of the nineteenth parliament for the year 2020 in the Jordanian capital, Amman. A questionnaire was developed for this purpose, which included (30) items distributed over four dimensions, each dimension representing a general reason for the reluctance to participate in the parliamentary elections. The acceptable parameters of validity and reliability of the questionnaire were achieved. The questionnaire was applied to an available sample consisting of (1223) individuals who did not participate in the parliamentary elections in the Jordanian capital, Amman. The results of the study revealed that the most common reasons for reluctance to participate in the parliamentary elections of the nineteenth parliament for the year 2020 in the Jordanian capital, Amman, were "the reasons related to the candidates," while it came in the fourth and final rank domain: "the reasons related to the Corona pandemic." The results also showed that the most common reason for the reluctance to participate in the parliamentary elections related to voters was the fifth reason: "I did not find anyone to represent me in the parliament among the candidates." That the most common reason for the reluctance to participate in the parliamentary elections related to the candidates was the ninth reason: "The spread of corruption among members of the parliament in appointments and promotions". The most common reason for the reluctance to participate in the parliamentary elections related to the independent body was the reason (22), which states: "The independent body was unable to control candidates from using political money in the elections," and that the most common reason for refraining from participating in the parliamentary elections related to the Corona pandemic was the reason ( 29) and its text: "People's lack of commitment to health measures such as social distancing and wearing a mask." In light of the results of the current study, the researchers recommend finding effective formulas to ensure broader participation in the parliamentary elections, employing various social media to support and enhance participation in parliamentary elections, and tightening supervision and punishment to prevent the spread of practices related to political money, the existence of real and serious procedures to ensure the integrity of the elections, the development of awareness programs for the citizen on the basis for choosing a representative, the adoption of standards of morality, integrity and hard work of the candidate when voting, and conducting various studies on the issue of the reasons for reluctance to vote in parliamentary elections and their relationship to social, demographic and political variables.