Morocco has experienced a steady stream of reforms, including considerable changes in the health sector. Hospitals have been notably reformed, given their importance and their stakes. As a result, several deep and costly reforms have promoted the modernization of their management and organization to maximize their efficiency. Thus, the hospital reform has improved hospital management by supporting hospital planning capacities and introducing new management tools and control of management processes. However, even when a new managerial impetus is presented in the hospital environment and modernization is established, hospitals still suffer from many dysfunctions. The provision of hospital care in Morocco is even described as inefficient for a certain period. Despite all the reforms, the persistence of several dysfunctions raises questions about the importance of change management based on the construction and development of knowledge among the actors involved in hospital structures. This article adopted a collection and analysis method of several reports of the most recent national institutions available in Morocco and a selection of international literature to clarify this question. Finally, given the complexity of hospitals, a practical knowledge management approach can support hospital actors in embracing change and fostering ideas and knowledge that lead to improved practices and learning organizations.

In an increasingly complex environment, it is essential for hospital organizations to evolve and improve. The world of hospitals is constantly changing through reforms. In addition, knowledge and techniques are continually evolving, and specialties are multiplying rapidly. In this sense, it is necessary to develop a strategy to manage knowledge and create new practices. From this perspective, this article tries to study knowledge as the most crucial strategic asset of the organization and the hospital, which is marked by very high heterogeneity and variability that makes its knowledge extremely complex, therefore needs a management system that will improve the utilization of its human potential and development through establishing a culture of continuous learning and progress. Effective organizational learning is a prerequisite for the hospital’s survival and, above all, transforms it into a genuinely avant-garde and learning organization for the benefit of users and professionals alike. This organizational change within the hospital has a powerful impact on the environmental culture of all the actors concerned.

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This article aims to understand the general context of research on the impact of ownership structure and performance of firms through a systematic review of references that include the keywords "ownership structure" and "performance" in their titles and that are published in English between 1990 and June 2020. For this purpose, we used articles published in journals indexed in the Scopus database. The uploaded articles are organized by the Mendeley Desktop tool and then transferred to the NVivo10 tool, in order to make a textual analysis of the elements contained in the articles. Data concerning the article, the characteristics of the study population, were collected. Our initial bibliographic search covered 229 articles published in 141 journals registered in more than 30 databases. It was found that the journals have published on this subject belongs to several disciplines related to governance, finance, and management and that they come from Anglo-Saxon countries. Our work can be considered as a support in the study of the scientific literature review related to ownership structure and performance.

The logistics activity exercise is in fact submitted to several constraints related to physical, financial and information flows; it also requires operational expenses optimization, compliance with performance indicators and processes control. Being structured in different integrated modules, the ERPs provide operational, tactical and strategic planning features that allow the company to balance its supply and demand plans. Although project management practices are considered effective nowadays, many companies are still struggling to implement these ERPs and automate the various logistics processes: indeed the situation of such projects becomes uncontrollable or they are abandoned. It is therefore appropriate to consider, in this article, the main risks that may arise during the logistics integration in the ERPs; then try to explain the most adequate governance to implement in order to reduce their impact.