Mucor is a fungus, which give rise to opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. We described a 55-year-old immunocompetent woman with cutaneous mucormycosis after scorpion sting. Mucormycosis may happen in patients with intact immunity and is not allocated only to patients with immune deficiency.

Introduction: One of the medications used by patients with dyspnea and asthma is sprays whose the way of application is very important. If these medications are not used properly, they will not be effective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correct or incorrect use of sprays by patients. Material and Method: This double-blind observational analytical study was conducted on patients attending clinics in Jahrom from 2009 to 2013 selected by convenience sampling method. After obtaining patient's consent, a researcher-made questionnaire was completed by the patients and then they were asked to use spray in the presence of another researcher and then to complete the second questionnaire on how the patient should use the spray. Finally, the data were analyzed. Results: Of a total of 468 participants in this study, 43.6% (n=204) used sprays correctly, and 95.1% of them were trained in this regard. Incorrect use of sprays was observed more in men and older people and there was no relationship between the correct or incorrect use and patients' education level. Conclusion: Training patients with dyspnea how to use sprays is the essential component of prescribing these medications, and physicians and healthcare providers should consider providing training on correct use of sprays to increase the effectiveness of medications.

Recently a novel DNA virus (Torque Teno Virus (TTV) has been identified in Japan and shown to be associated with elevated aminotransferase s levels after transfusion. However the exact role of TTV in pathogenesis of liver disease is yet to be established. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of TTV in thalassemic patients and its relationship with elevated alanine-aminotransfrase (ALT) and aspartateaminotransfrase (AST). This cross-sectional analysis study was conducted on 452 thallasemic patients. Serums were collected from all of the patients, first ALT and AST levels were determined. Then, after DNA extraction, TTV DNA was amplified and detected using semi-nested PCR, followed by gel electrophoresis. Demographic characteristics and clinical data were collected from each participant for statistical analysis. The findings showed that 160 of 452 (35.4%) samples had TTV DNA detected by PCR. From 160 TTV DNA positive, 98 (61.20%) were female and 62 (38.80%) of them were male (P=0.549). The mean ALT and AST values in TTV positive group were higher than in TTV negative group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.0001). The result showed that the prevalence of TTV in thalassemic patients in Jahrom is less than other studies in Iran and the mean ALT and AST values in TTV positive individuals were about 2 times more than in TTV negative individuals.

During general anesthesia a large number of surgeries such as pilonidal sinus excision are conducted in prone position. The main purpose of this research is the application of laryngeal mask airway in prone position in pilonidal cyst excision after Atracurium injection. A doubleblind descriptive experiment was performed on 85 patients (ASA I-II), such that they reclined on the operating table in prone position. After preoxygenation, general anesthesia was induced by Midazolam, Fentanyl, Propofol, and Atracurium. At the same position, the laryngeal mask airway was placed. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was reduced significantly after anesthesia. Laryngeal mask airway insertion was successful in 78 patients on first try. Induction/incision time was reduced. Laryngospasm and pulmonary aspiration was not observed and rate of sore throat was 16/85 patients. Based on our data, it seems that for minor surgeries in prone position, laryngeal mask airway is applicable after the administration of muscle relaxant, although further studies are required.