Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of Darcian drag force and radiation-conduction on unsteady two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic flow of viscous, electrically conducting and Newtonian fluid over a vertical plate adjacent to a Darcian regime in presence of thermal radiation and transversal magnetic field. A well-tested, numerically stable Crank-Nicolson finite-difference procedure is employed for the conservation equations. Excellent agreement is obtained for numerical solutions with previously published work. Design/methodology/approach-In this investigation, an efficient, accurate, extensively validated and unconditionally stable finite-difference scheme based on the Crank-Nicolson model is developed to solve the governing coupled, non-linear partial differential equations. The accuracy and effectiveness of the method are demonstrated. Findings-Different numerical results are obtained and presented graphically to explain the effect of various physical parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles, local, as well as average, skin friction and Nusselt number. It is found that, with a rise in Darcian drag force, flow velocity and temperature are reduced, but increased for all times. Both average and local skin frictions are reduced considerably with an increase in Darcian drag force, but reversed behavior is observed for the local Nusselt number. Increasing the thermal radiation effects accelerated the flow velocity as well as the fluid temperature and wall local skin friction in a saturated porous medium, but effectively reduced the local Nusselt number and average Nusselt number at the wall. Comparison with previously published works in the limits shows excellent agreement. Research limitations/implications-The analysis is valid for unsteady, two-dimensional laminar flow of an optically thick no-gray gas, electrically conducting, and Newtonian fluid past an isothermal vertical surface adjacent to the Darcian regime with variable surface temperature. An extension to three-dimensional flow case is left for future work. Practical implications-Practical interest of such study includes applications in electromagnetic lubrication, boundary cooling, bio-physical systems and in many branches of engineering and science. It is well known that the effect of thermal radiation is important in space technology and high temperature processes. Thermal radiation also plays an important role in controlling heat transfer process in polymer processing industry.
An approximate solution to the problem of steady free convective MHD flow of an incompressible viscous electrically-conducting fluid over an infinite vertical isothermal porous plate with mass convection is presented here. A uniform magnetic field is assumed to be applied transversely to the direction of the flow, taking into account the induced magnetic field with viscous and magnetic dissipations of energy. The dimensionless governing equations are solved by using the series solution method. The induced magnetic field, current density, temperature gradient and flow velocity are studied for magnetohydrodynamic body force, magnetic Prandtl number, Schmidt number and Eckert number. It is observed that the induced magnetic field is found to increase with a rise in magnetic Prandtl number. Current density is strongly reduced with increasing magnetic Prandtl number, but enhanced with Schmidt number. The acquired knowledge in our study can be used by designers to control MHD flow as suitable for a certain applications such as laminar magneto-aerodynamics, and MHD propulsion thermo-fluid dynamics.
Matamuhari anticline is one of the largest anticline situated at Bandarban district of Bangladesh which is 60 km long and 20 km wide in the part of Bangladesh. Like other part of Bangladesh the whole sequence of exposed rocks of Matamuhari anticline is composed with Neogene sedimentary rocks of shale, sandstone, siltstone, silty shale, tabular and spheroidal calcareous concretions. Seven outcrop black shale samples were collected during February 2013 from the different parts of the anticline namely Boro Bari Jhiri, Ochir Jhiri and Tak Chara area were mineralogically and geochemically examined in order to better understand the depositional environment in the studied area. The major and trace elements were analyzed using XRF spectrometry. Two distinct lithofacies assemblages, mud and silty-clay are found in the collected sediments. The shales are predominated by quartz, kaolinite, chlorite, mica (muscovite and biotite), feldspar (both K-feldspar and plagioclase), and in addition to a variable ratio of vermiculite. Lithologial characteristics and geochemical data demonstrated that sediments are enriched with TOC contents ranging from 0.39 to 0.67 wt.% and shows distinctive correlation to concentration of TOC and particle size distribution. These shales are characterized by a low Mg and K as well as high Al and Fe contents. Studies also show that the values of MgO/Al 2 O 3 and K 2 O/Al 2 O 3 ratio ranges from 0.15 to 0.17 and 0.18 to 0.20 respectively. The relationship of log MgO/Al 2 O 3 and log K 2 O/Al 2 O 3 values reveals that all of the studied samples fell within the marine environment. Ni/Co ratio of the studied shale samples ranges from 2.84 to 3.88 (average 3.36). These low values of Ni/Co ratio suggest that the sediments were deposited under oxic conditions. However, the above observations suggest that the sediments of Matamuhari anticline area were deposited in a shallow marine environment under oxic conditions.
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