Background: Alopecia induced by androgens in genetically predisposed individuals is termed as Androgenetic alopecia (AGA). There is proof appearance the relationship between Androgenetic alopecia and metabolic condition. Objective: To determine frequency of metabolic syndrome in Androgenetic alopecia as a biomarker of disease in adult male patients. Materials and methods: It was a Cross Sectional Study conducted at the Department of Dermatology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital, Jamshoro/Hyderabad. Total 178 diagnosed male patients of Androgenetic alopecia were included. The grading of male pattern Androgenetic alopecia was done according to modified Norwood-Hamilton classification. Norwood-Hamilton Stage I-III were regarded to be mild to moderate and Stage IV and higher were regarded as severe. Vein was engorged by a tourniquet applied above the cubital fossa. Blood glucose levels were estimated. The level of triglycerides was determined. HDL-Cholesterol was estimated by a pre­cipitant method. Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS. Chi square tests were applied to determine the relationship of independent variables with metabolic syndrome. Results: The overall mean age of the patients was 39.08±10.14 years. The mean waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose were 94.71±12.30 cm, 133.83±13.27 mg/dl, 48.10±7.89 mg/dl,102.94±17.67 mmHg, 76.88±8.56 mmHg, and 93.06±9.78 mg/dl respectively. A total of 10.1% of the patients were found to have metabolic syndrome. There was a significant association between metabolic syndrome and age and family income. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome was observed in 10.1% of the patients and this was more commonly found in: the age group >40 years, married individuals, low socioeconomic status individuals, and illiterate individuals.

ABSTRACT… Objectives:To determine the frequency of common bacterial isolates cultured from diabetic foot infection in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) falling in Wagner's grade-2 and grade-3 classification of diabetic foot (DF) infection. Study Design: Descriptive study. Period: A six months. Setting: Dow University of health sciences and civil hospital Karachi. Methods: Completed to examine the bacterial identification in cases admitted with the infection diabetic foot along with gave Wagner's evaluation 2 and 3 at tertiary care hospital Karachi. Bacteriological finding and anti-biotic affectability profiles were completed and analyzed with utilizing standard strategies. Results: Out of 115 cases, 82 (71%) were male and 23 (29%) were female. The mean age of patients was 51.7 ±9.45 years, mean duration of diabetes was 10.6 ± 4.73 years, similarly mean length of time of diabetes foot wound was 46.15±23.75 days. 45 (39%) patients had Wegner's evaluation 2 and 70 (61%) patients had Wagner's evaluation 3. 99 cases indicated with culture growth, out of which 65 (65.65%) with gram negative microbes and 25 (25.25%) gram-positive microbes. The most successive bacteria's were Proteus (35.35%), Staph. Aureus (25.25%), Klebsiella (16.16%) and Pseudomonas (15.15%). Both gram positive and gram negative showed frequent resistance to Cloxacillin, Amoxacillin, Levofloxacin, and Linezolid, gram negative life forms likewise indicated high resistance rate to Clindamycin, Vancomycin, and Cefotaxime. Tienam (Imipenem), Sulzone (salbactam in addition to cefoperazone) and Amikacin were the best effective against gram -ve and gram +vemicrobes. Staph. Aureus and Staph. Epidermidis were profoundly susceptible to Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Clindamycin, and Vancomycin. Conclusion: Gram negative microbes were more common than gram positive living beings. Proteus, Staph Aureus, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most widely recognized microorganisms of DF infection. Tienam (Imipenem), Sulzone (salbactam in addition to cefoperazone), and Amikacin were best effective agents. Key words:Diabetes mellitus, Diabetic foot infection, Diabetic foot microbiology. Article Citation: Rahimoon AG, Alam MT, Talpur MS. Diabetic foot infection; frequency of microbes and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern at tertiary care hospital, Karachi.

Objective: The objective of this study to detect the vitamin D deficiencyassociated to different risk factors in the patients with CLD. Study Design: Descriptive study.Setting: MMC Mirpur Khas and LUH Jamshoro / Hyderabad. Period: Nov 2013 to Apr 2014.Patients and Methods: All the cases with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis were includedin the study after diagnosis. All the patients with HCC, diabetes and with renal failure wereexcluded from the study. Assessment of CLD causes was carried out by routine investigation,ultrasound of abdomen and patient’s personal history. Furthermore to assessment of vitamin Dstatus, by measuring serum concentration level as 25(OH) of the vitamin D. Blood sample of allthe cases were send to the Diagnostic and research Laboratory of LUMHS. Results: Male werefound in the majority 60.0% and female 40.0%, with the mean age of (mean±SD=49.8±6.5).Deficiency of the vitamin D was calculated according to different causes in according VitaminD classification as; (Mild class 20–31 ng/ml), (Moderate class 7–19 ng/ml) and (Severe class \7ng/ml). In the mild class HBV infected patients 78.95% were most common. In moderate classHBV +HCV infected patients were most common 52.94%. Patients with history of alcohol werefound in majority with severe deficiency of vitamin D 57.14%. Conclusion: In this study weconcluded that vitamin D deficiency increases with increases of liver severity, it’s mostly foundin the HCV infected and alcoholic liver disease, these patients should take vitamin D regularly,and food which contains rich source of Vitamin D.

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Objectives: To determine the frequency of common bacterial isolates culturedfrom diabetic foot infection in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) falling in Wagner’sgrade-2 and grade-3 classification of diabetic foot (DF) infection. Study Design: Descriptivestudy. Period: A six months. Setting: Dow University of health sciences and civil hospital Karachi.Methods: Completed to examine the bacterial identification in cases admitted with the infectiondiabetic foot along with gave Wagner’s evaluation 2 and 3 at tertiary care hospital Karachi.Bacteriological finding and anti-biotic affectability profiles were completed and analyzed withutilizing standard strategies. Results: Out of 115 cases, 82 (71%) were male and 23 (29%) werefemale. The mean age of patients was 51.7 ±9.45 years, mean duration of diabetes was 10.6± 4.73 years, similarly mean length of time of diabetes foot wound was 46.15±23.75 days. 45(39%) patients had Wegner’s evaluation 2 and 70 (61%) patients had Wagner’s evaluation 3. 99cases indicated with culture growth, out of which 65 (65.65%) with gram negative microbes and25 (25.25%) gram-positive microbes. The most successive bacteria’s were Proteus (35.35%),Staph. Aureus (25.25%), Klebsiella (16.16%) and Pseudomonas (15.15%). Both gram positiveand gram negative showed frequent resistance to Cloxacillin, Amoxacillin, Levofloxacin, andLinezolid, gram negative life forms likewise indicated high resistance rate to Clindamycin,Vancomycin, and Cefotaxime. Tienam (Imipenem), Sulzone (salbactam in addition tocefoperazone) and Amikacin were the best effective against gram -ve and gram +vemicrobes.Staph. Aureus and Staph. Epidermidis were profoundly susceptible to Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone,Clindamycin, and Vancomycin. Conclusion: Gram negative microbes were more common thangram positive living beings. Proteus, Staph Aureus, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas aeruginosawere the most widely recognized microorganisms of DF infection. Tienam (Imipenem), Sulzone(salbactam in addition to cefoperazone), and Amikacin were best effective agents.