The present work evaluates the effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Dendrosicyos socotrana and Jatropha unicostata on the viability of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces in vitro, and on the development of secondary hydatid cysts, in vivo. Three different concentrations of each leaf extract were used. Concentrations of 5000 and 1000 μg/mL, for D. socotrana and J. unicostata, respectively, exhibited the highest protoscolicidal activity, significantly reducing and/or stopping protoscolex viability. Oral and intraperitoneal administration of the extracts in white mice invoked noticeable inhibitory effects on the in vivo development of secondary hydatid cysts. These effects were compared with those of albendazole sulfoxide, a commonly used treatment for hydatidosis.

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The present study was established on the slaughtered ruminants in Kirkuk central abattoir between June 1 st till December, 31 st 2015. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites (GIP s) of slaughtered grazing ruminants in Kirkuk province. Fresh faecal specimens (n=276) were obtained from slaughtered grazing ruminants (85 sheep, 71 goats and 120 Cattle) in Kirkuk province. The investigational processing represented as direct and concentration methods were carried out using faecal direct smear, flotation and sedimentation protocol to investigate the fecal specimens to determine eggs/oocysts/trophozoites of the parasites. The obtained data showed that overall prevalence of GIP s among slaughtered ruminants was 78.98%. Six different GIP s species were recognized in the present study, namely: Haemonchus contortus, Strongyloides papillosus, Trichuris spp. Ostertagia spp., Entodinium caudatum, and Eimeria spp. The highest prevalence of GIP s was among goats (91.55%). While, lowest infections was observed among cattle (69.17%). The highest recorded results was Eimeria spp. among adult goats (42.2%), followed by S. papillosus (28.6%) in young sheep. The lowest infection was 5.33% in adult cattle by Trichuris spp. By age groups, young and adult goats showed the most prevalence of GIP s with infection ratio of 93.33% and 88.46%, respectively. Data in the present study revealed that the GIP s prevalent rates among grazing ruminants in Kirkuk province was about 79%. Adult goats seem to be the most infected ruminants GIP s with Eimeria spp., followed by young sheep with S. papillosus. This finding may be due to using unorganized traditional management systems in which huge numbers of the animals are kept together.