Surveys and researches have indicated various factors leading to or instigating the rise of religious intolerance in Indonesia after the Reformasi in 1998. This study, however, aims to see intolerance and discrimination as something embedded in Indonesian ideology, i.e. Pancasila, which seems to be lacking in previous studies, including the studies on the connection between Pancasila and discriminative regulations implemented is several districts and provinces in Indonesia. The questions dealt with in this paper are the following: Why did religious radical groups able to exert their influence to the government and moderate Muslim majority in treating minorities? What are, if any, the constitutional and legal limits of religious freedom in Indonesia? This paper aims to scrutinize constitutional and legal documents, including the first pillar of Pancasila, to find their shortcomings in protecting religious freedom. This paper argues that Pancasila has set Indonesia into religiously monotheistic state, which provided the government the necessary tool to force non-theistic, polytheistic, and non-monotheistic religions to modify their theological beliefs in order to be accepted as recognized or official religions. Pancasila also justifies the existence of favoritism to certain religions deemed fit to this ideology. Berbagai survei dan penelitian telah menunjukkan berbagai faktor yang menyebabkan atau memicu bangkitnya intoleransi beragama di Indonesia setelah Reformasi tahun 1998. Penelitian ini ingin melihat intoleransi dan diskriminasi sebagai sesuatu yang secara tak sadar tertanam dalam ideologi Indonesia, yaitu Pancasila. Tema ini tampaknya kurang menjadi perhatian dalam studi sebelumnya, termasuk studi tentang hubungan antara Pancasila dan peraturan diskriminatif yang diterapkan di beberapa kabupaten dan provinsi di Indonesia. Pertanyaan yang dibahas dalam artikel ini diantaranya adalah: Mengapa kelompok-kelompok radikal keagamaan dapat mempengaruhi pemerintah dan mayoritas umat Muslim yang moderat dalam bersikap terhadap kelompok minoritas? Apa, jika ada, batasan konstitusional dan legal kebebasan beragama di Indonesia? Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meneliti dokumen dokumen konstitusional dan hukum, termasuk pilar pertama Pancasila, untuk menemukan kekurangan dalam melindungi kebebasan beragama. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa Pancasila telah menetapkan Indonesia menjadi negara monoteistik religius, yang memberikan pemerintah piranti yang diperlukan untuk memaksa agama-agama non-teistik, politeistis, dan non-monoteistik untuk memodifikasi keyakinan teologis mereka agar diterima sebagai agama yang diakui atau resmi. Pancasila juga membenarkan keberadaan favoritisme untuk agama-agama tertentu yang dianggap cocok dengan ideologi ini.

This paper discusses the nature of Muhammadiyah educational institutions and relates it to the diverse socio-religious background of Indonesian society. Renowned as the largest modernist Islamic movement in Indonesia and Southeast Asia, which promotes the purity of Islam, Muhammadiyah in fact has been faced with notions of religious and cultural pluralism, and therefore, it has to seeks ways of how to formulate Islam in plural society. This article is a theoretical exposition of Muhammadiyah and its encounters with religious pluralism, and how Muhammadiyah translates notions of pluralism into praxis in its educational institutions. This paper argues that educational institutions of Muhammadiyah have widened path for deepening inter-religious dialogue and interaction in the diversity of Indoensian society.Keywords: religious pluralism, education, da'wa, ideology, Muhammadiyah ABSTRAK Artikel ini mengkaji karakteristik lembaga pendidikan Muhammadiyah dan mengaitkannya dengan keragaman latarbelakang sosial-keagamaan masyarakat Indonesia. Dikenal sebagai gerakan Islam modernis di Indoensia dan di Asia Tenggara, yang mempromosikan kemurnian ajaran islam, Muhammadiyah nampaknya harus berhadapajn dengan keanekaragaman agama dan budaya dan untuk itu, Muhammadiyah mencoba mencari jalan bagaimana menerjemahkan islam dalam masyarakat plural. Tulisan ini merupakan kajian teoretis tentang Muhammadiyah dan interaksinya dengan masalah pluralisme agama, serta bagaimana Muhammadiyah menerjemahkan gagasan pluralisme agama ke dalam praksis di bidnag pendidikan. Artikel ini berpendapat bahwa lembaga pendidikan Muhammadiyah telah membuka jalan yang luas untuk hubungan dan dialog antar agama.

The volume of internal organs, including pancreas, show potential health problems. Several medical conditions are associated with the volume of the pancreas. The study aimed to determine the pancreatic volumes using a computed tomography (CT) scan in normal Indonesian adults and to determine whether the age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) influence the measurement of pancreatic volumes. The study was conducted by 119 people aged between 20-77 years old. Pancreatic volume measurement was performed using the summation of area technique. Statistical analyzes used independent t-test and Pearson correlation test. The study showed a significant difference of pancreatic volumes between normoweight and overweight individuals with p=0.041 (p<0.05). The results showed a significant difference of pancreatic volumes between male and female with p=0.020 (p<0.05). The results showed a significant correlation between pancreatic volumes and age p=0.004 (p<0.05). These findings suggest that the change in pancreas volume with age, sex, and BMI is comparable among different ethnicities, which is also in line with other studies.

The Kuala Jelai Urban Village, Jelai District, Sukamara Regency has a function of providing public services in accordance with existing SOPs to ensure optimal quality service. This study of the service quality of the kelurahan office aims to analyze the service quality of the Kuala Jelai Kelurahan Office. This research was conducted with a qualitative descriptive approach, with interview data collection methods and field observations. Research informants consisted of personnel from the Kuala Jelai Kelurahan Office as service providers and several communities as service recipients determined by purposive sampling. Research studies that are based on 5 (five) dimensions of service, namely: 1). Tangible variable dimensions. 2). Dimensions of the Reliability variable. 3). Responsiviness variable dimensions. 4). Assurance variable dimensions. 5). The Emphaty variable dimension shows 4 (four) variables included in the "very good" category (Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Emphaty dimensions) while 1 (one) dimension is included in the "less good" category, namely the Tangible dimension. The study concluded that the services at the Kelurahan Kuala Jelai, Jelai District were classified as good qualifications and quality.