Manufacturers throughout the world are facing major new challenges, including shorter product life cycles and increasing competition. As companies strive to rationalize engineering design, manufacturing, and support processes and to produce a large variety of products at lower costs, modularity is becoming a focus. This paper reviews the methodologies for determining modular manufacturing systems while considering cost and performance. The manufacturing concept, termed modular production systems and modular manufacturing systems are aimed specifically at "hard" low to medium technology products, as typified by goods such as children's toys and kitchen appliances. It was proposed to increase the flexibility of the manufacturing operation in terms of its range of function, product, and service by modularizations and its ability to be easily reconfigured in the face of changing conditions.

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Metal-based ceramic composite laser cladding offers substantial compensations in enhancing brake disc surface characteristics. Laser cladding was utilized to combine B4C powder (10–40%) with Ni 63 powder to make Boron Carbide (B4C)/Nickel 63 composite coatings. For the subsequent experiments, the specimens were ground and polished. Bonding strength, fracture toughness, and residual stress were examined with the B4C content. The fracture morphologies were checked using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was observed that the bonding strength of various coatings might approach 175 MPa. Best bonding was observed when the B4C level was between 15% and 30%. The porousness of the coating continuously raised as B4C content increased. The coating’s maximum permeability was 5.6% after the B4C level reached 30%. As the B4C level in the coating grew, the coating’s compression resistance decreased. The bonding strength was within desirable limits, and compression resistance was consistently strong. The material bending strength increased when the B4C materials were reduced below 35%; at this level, the bending strength was highest. The bending strength was covered by the optimal range of bonding strength. Good bonding strength and mechanical characteristics were achieved when B4C content was 20% to 30%. The 20% B4C coating had the smoothest fracture morphologies and the strongest bonding strength, making it the most stable. For the estimation of total matrix deformation and corresponding coating stress on coated brake discs, Ansys software was utilized to create a static structural model.

This paper describes how to use Deform-3D software to create a turning process model that can be used to simulate the turning on AISI 1025 carbon steel and Al6061 billets in industrial and automotive applications. The Deform-3D Software is used to build a 3D Finite Element turning model. Pre-processing, Simulation, and Post-processing are all modules that can be used to simulate. Tool and workpiece information, as well as appropriate necessary parameters, were taken into account in the software’s Pre Processing module. Simulation was performed at two different rotational speeds for two different materials using with and without titanium nitride coated tungsten carbide tool. After 1000 steps of simulation, results such as damage, effective strain, effective stress, total velocity, total displacement, and Temperature are reported from the Post Processing module. From results, comparative analysis will be carried out on performance characteristics at different rotational speeds. During the turning process, to accurately predict metal removal Deform 3D software is used for finite element simulation.

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