AbstrakIslamic State of Irak and Syria (ISIS)
Tujuan penetapan hukum atau yang sering dikenal dengan istilah maqashid al-syari’ah merupakan salah satu konsep penting dalam kajian hukum Islam. Karena begitu pentingnya maqashid al-syari’ah tersebut, para ahli teori hukum menjadikan maqashid al-syari'ah sebagai sesuatu yang harus dipahami oleh mujtahid yang melakukan ijtihad. Dalam kaitannya dengan metode atau cara untuk menemukan hikmah dan tujuan penetapan hukum, setidaknya ada tiga cara yang telah ditempuh oleh ulama sebelum al-Syatibi. Cendekiawan muslim modern dan kontemporer memperkenal konsep dan klasifikasi maqashid al-syari’ah yang baru dengan memasukkan dimensi-dimensi maqashid yang baru yaitu pengembangan ekonomi nasional sebagai bagian tak terpissahkan dari tujuan syariah, mengembangkan terminologi maqashid al-syari’ah “tradisional”, guna memperbaiki kekurangan pada konsep maqashid al-syari’ah “tradisional”. terori maqashid al-syari’ah juga sangat relevan dengan pembentukan hukum nasional yang mengikat dan memaksa. Maqashid al-syari’ah selaras dengan salah satu tujuan hukum, yaitu kemanfaatan.
Most people don't realize that recently mass media has been discrediting women. News about women by media displays them purely on physical appearance as though it had been an "image" for a woman. The most tragic fact is that the language used in mass media merely focuses on physical appearance. This fact is indicated by a huge "show" by mass media that only display women as a commodity. Indirectly, mass media have exploited women for their own interests; namely increase their ratings (for TV) and tiras (for printed press). Displaying women merely as an object can be regarded as a crime, but it happens both in the news and infotainment."Psikologi perempuan juga psikologi massa, hendaknya dipahami oleh para bapak yang kebanyakan menjadi penentu kebijakan. Bila rncsszr ada yang diperlakukan kurang adil, lebih-lebih itu mengenai perempuan, tanpa dimintapun bangkit perasaannya". Titie Said (Psikolog), 1999.
Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning on General Elections now has given strong authority to the Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu). The Election Supervisory Agency now does not only become a recommendation institution as stated in the previous Election law. Now the Election Supervisory Agency is the executor agency or case breaker. This was stated expressly in the formulation of Article 461 paragraph (1) of Law No.7 / 2017, that the Election Supervisory Agency, Provincial Election Supervisory Agency, Regency Election Supervisory Agency receive, examine, review, and decide election administration violations. Then paragraph 6 states that the decision of the Election Supervisory Agency, Provincial Election Supervisory Agency, Regency Election Supervisory Agency is to resolve election administration violations in the form of: first, administrative improvements to systems, procedures, or mechanisms in accordance with the provisions of the legislation; second, written warning; third, dissociate of certain stages in organizing elections; and fourth, other administrative sanctions in accordance with the provisions of the law. Based on that, this paper seeks to provide an analysis of the Election Supervisory Agency as an Election Supervisory Institution on the one hand, and as a judicial institution on the other side. The reason is that the Election Supervisory Agency now has a judicial function in implementing its authority, so that the procedure for resolving cases of election administration violations carried out in the Election Supervisory Agency is also in accordance with the judicial model of judicial institution in general. This paper also tries to confirm the performance of the Election Supervisory Agency as an institution that no longer needs to depend on the commitment of other institutions such as the KPU, the Police, and the prosecutor. Law No. 7/2017 has made the Election Supervisory Agency as the “real” supervisory institution. That is, the Election Supervisory Agency should be an institution that has an important role in realizing the implementation of the legitimate election system.
Perempuan telah lama berada dalam posisi yang selalu dirugikan. Bukan hanya akibat tindak kejahatan yang kerap terjadi pada perempuan, tetapi juga karena diskriminasi sosial yang lama mengakar kuat. Bahkan, perempuan seringkali tidak dianggap sebagai manusia, tetapi dianggap sebagai barang dan jasa yang bisa diperjualbelikan. Seiring dengan itu, harus diakui bahwa kultur yang tercipta di tengah masyarakat memang menempatkan perempuan sebagai makhluk kelas dua. Artinya, perempuan dianggap sebelah mata, baik dalam tatanan sosial, politik, pendidikan, maupun di tataran pemerintahan. Ironis sekali hal ini bisa terjadi di sebuah negara yang mengklaim sebagai negara demokrasi. Padahal, doktrin demokrasi adalah persamaan hak, keadilan, kesejahteraan, tanpa pandang bulu. Undang-Undang yang menaungi kepentingan serta memberi perlindungan kepada perempuan sebenarnya telah lama lahir. Tetapi, kultur di masyarakat tetap saja berlaku secara tidak adil dan selalu menempatkan perempuan berada dalam kasta yang paling bawah. Di sinilah diperlukan sebuah langkah serius dalam bentuk kulturalisasi nilai-nilai demokrasi dalam rangka menciptakan kultur ramah perempuan. Hal ini penting dilakukan karena sikap ramah perempuan tidak bisa hanya dipasrahkan kepada ketentuan undang-undang dan pemerintah, tetapi juga harus diperjuangan melalui proses budaya.
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