In recent years, many technological innovations that have contributed to the success of the educational process, and artificial intelligence is one of these recent innovations. Artificial intelligence has become one of the technological tools used in education and demonstrated a successful emergency strategy during the pandemic of Covid-19. This study aimed to focus on the role artificial intelligence played in education in Arabs world during the last five years. This study conducted a comprehensive survey of the research published in three databases (Google Scholar, ERIC, and IEEE) to reach the goal of this study. The total number were found in three databases was 436 and 29 of them are related to “Artificial Intelligence and Learning and Teaching and Arab world”, the abstracts of these studies were checked according to adopted methodology. The methodology was applied to select the studies is where these studies applied, the specialization of the researcher, and the research methodology followed. Moreover, the goals of the selected papers, the results, and similarities and differences among these studies were discussed. Recommendations and future studies also discussed.

Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a common complaint that is classified as the 8th most undesirable events after general anesthesia. Endotracheal intubation has been estimated to be the commonest factor causing POST. We aim to review the risk factors and preventive measures to reduce the incidence and severity of POST following endotracheal intubation. Although sore throat can be induced by many perioperative factors, endotracheal intubation remains the commonest cause that can induce endothelial injury and a subsequent sore throat. Many risk factors for this association has been reported. The most common risk factors include ages less than 60 years of age, female sex, cough, and asthma, underlying chest diseases, type and timing of the operation, type, and size of the used endotracheal tube. Moreover, the experience of the personnel intubating the patients may have been another risk factor. Medical prevention of POST can be achieved by several agents as steroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, careful monitoring of the tracheal cuff pressure, and licorice application. On the other hand, using lidocaine has been contraindicated according to previous meta-analysis results. Additionally, we recommend that future studies with bigger sample sizes are should be conducted for further validation of the new modalities.

Work-related stress is harmful physical and emotional reactions that can occur when there is a conflict between an employee’s work needs and his or her level of control to meet those demands. Work-related stress can come from multiple causes, however, when stress occurs in unmanageable amounts for the nurse, mental and physical changes may occur. Resilience gives people the mental toughness to deal with stress, trauma, adversity, and difficulties. The study aimed to explore the level of work-related stress among mental health care nurses and their resilience capacity at Eradah & Mental Health Complex–Eradah Services (EMHC-ES) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional research design was utilized taking the responses of 172 nurses. The questionnaire encompassed the Mental Health Professional Stress Scale (MHPSS) 42 items assessed on a four-point Likert scale and the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) 10-items assessed on a 5-point Likert scale. The results revealed a satisfactorily high level of resilience (M = 30.7 on a scale of 0-40) and a moderate level of stress among the participants (M = 1.86 on a scale of 0 to 3) with the mean subscale score was the highest for the workload associated stress and the lowest for the homework conflict-related stress. There was a near to significant correlation between the stress level and the resilience among the participants (p = .053). An appropriate strategy in health care organizations to assess stress, explore causes, and provide early management in mental health care settings is highly recommended.

Methamphetamine is the second most commonly abused drug worldwide. It is a sympathomimetic agent that works by inhibiting the reuptake of monoamine neurotransmitters, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Methamphetamine use is associated with early mortality, and cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of increased mortality. We discuss the case of a 41-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with a sudden abdominal pain of eight hours' duration. The pain was located in the epigastric area with radiation to the back. Upon examination, the patient appeared agitated and diaphoretic. His pupils were dilated bilaterally. His vital signs included tachycardia (120 bpm), tachypnea (24 bpm), hypertension (150/90 mmHg), and normal temperature (36.9 ℃). Abdominal examination revealed a soft and lax abdomen with no tenderness. His bowel sounds were normal. Given the physical signs, a toxicology screen was conducted and was positive for methamphetamine use. The patient reported that he used recreational drugs occasionally and admitted that the abdominal pain developed a few hours following methamphetamine use. The patient was treated with fluid resuscitation, analgesic, antihypertension medications, and anticoagulant therapy. The patient had significant improvement in his condition within 48 hours with complete resolution of the abdominal pain. Isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection is a very rare clinical condition. This case report highlights the importance of recognizing the cardiovascular adverse effects that may develop after methamphetamine use.

In recent decades, the use of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) has changed according to the different goals and studies that have been applied. Therefore, it is very important to explore and examine these changes and identify the development of use and conception of MOOCs. This research is considered empirical in nature and focuses on studies published between 2012 and 2017. The current study is conducted on three scientific databases to collect those studies that matched the research method and achieved its goal. Nine hundred seventy-nine studies were considered, and 37 studies have been selected for this study and will be analyzed based on study design and other variables. The collected studies utilized the qualitative method, quantitative method, and mixed-method approaches. These studies were analyzed through the use of MOOCs according to students' views, instructors' views, and students' and instructors' views. The results showed a different understanding of MOOCs between the students' views, instructors' views, and students' and instructors' views. Recommendations and future research opportunities are also discussed.