Immunological cause may contribute to 5-15% of the male infertility factors, including cryptorchidism, primary testicular failure, testicular trauma, epididymitis, varicocele, idiopathic infertility, and infections. Therefore, ASA can be found in primary or secondary infertile men. The aim is to study the correlation of ASA with trace elements in primary and secondary infertile men. The study was carried out in the Department of Medical Laboratory Technology in Southern Technical University. Seminal fluids were collected from each of them, seminogram test (semen analysis) was performed for each participant, and all semen samples were collected following (3-5) days of abstinence. After liquefaction, sperm concentration, total sperm count, morphology, motility grades were determined using World Health Organization (WHO) standard procedures. The mean values of were significantly increased ASA in infertile men as compared to fertile control group (p<0.0001), sperm concentration significant decrease in infertile men as compared to control group (p<0.05) and significant decrease in all sperm motility, total progressive sperm (A Rapid progressive motility ,B Slow or sluggish progressive motility and C Non-progressive motility and D Immotility) and normal sperm morphology in infertile men as compared to fertile control group (P<0.05).Decrease in infertile compared to fertile men was statistically significant (p<0.05), while Cu highly increase in infertile men group compared to fertile group highly significant (p<0.001), decrease in Zn infertile men compared to fertile men highly significant ( p<0.001). In addition, decrease in Ni in infertile men as compared to fertile group was highly significant (p<0.001).

Infertility is defined as a condition in which a woman cannot conceive after 12 months of a normal sexual relationship without the use of contraception. The study aimed to evaluate hypothyroidism prevalence, thyroid and pituitary gland hormones assessment in infertile women's serum, and their correlation in Basra, Iraq. The research was conducted at Ibn-Gzouan Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology in Basra, southern Iraq, between October 2021 and March 2022. In our research, 28 infertile women with hypothyroidism, 30 infertile women without hypothyroidism, and 30 fertile women aged 18 to 45 were studied. Our research found that infertile hypothyroid women had greater TSH and PRL levels than fertile women, but lower T3 and T4 levels. Without hypothyroidism, infertile women exhibited greater PRL, cortisol, and LH levels than fertile women, but lower IGF-1 levels. T4 and T3 levels (r=0.640), LH, and LH/FSH ratio(r=0.536) correlated positively in hypothyroid infertile women. TSH and T4 levels (r = -0.514) and FSH and LH/FSH ratio (r =-0.481) correlated negatively. T4 and T3 levels, LH, and LH/FSH were positively correlated (r = 0.666) in infertile women without hypothyroidism. TSH was negatively correlated with T4 (r = -0.547) and T3 (r = -0.580).

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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder that affects body systems and leads to reproductive and metabolic complications.Among women of reproductive age, it is considered as one of the main cause of infertility. The present  study aimed to evaluate a biochemical hormones (FSH, LH, LH/FSH ratio and TESTO) of infertile women with and without polycystic ovarian syndrome in Basra City - Iraq, in order to know whether they represent biomarkers of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Method:The present study included 60 patients infertile women (30 with PCOS and 30 without PCOS) aged between 16 to 40  years, which was admitted to Infertility and IVF Centre in Basra Hospital for Women and Children (IbnGhazwan) in Basra Government-Southern Iraq. A control group of 30 entirely healthy participants with an age range of (16 -40) years were considered. Body mass index was calculatedfor the two groups. There follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Software of SPSS 26 was used for the statistical analysis. Results: The results of the present study showed  a significant increase in each of (LH and LH/FSH) concentration in PCOS compared to the control.  Moreover, the results illustrateda significant increase in patients without PCOS(LH and BMI)compared to the controls. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a significant increase in LH, LH/FSH levels in addition to BMI among women with PCOS and without PCOS compared to Fertile women.  

Obesity and being overweight are rising and becoming a global issue. Obesity has a negative impact on all body systems, including the endocrine system. The present study aimed to determine whether there is an association between BMI and pituitary gland hormones in infertile women's serum in Basra City, Iraq. The study was conducted at Ibn-Gzouan Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology in Basra City, southern Iraq, between October 2021 and March 2022. Thestudy included 60 infertile women (30 with hypothyroidism and 30 without hypothyroidism) aged between 18 and 45 years,with a pathological period of infertility from 2 to 15 years. The studied infertile women were divided into two groups according to the measured BMI. The first group had a BMI of less than 25 (24 women) and the second had a BMI of greater than 25 (36 women).The results showed that there are significant elevations in LH level and cortisol levels as well as in LH/FSH ratio. Cortisol showed a positive correlation with BMI (r = 0.374, p = 0.025), FSH showed a positive correlation with LH level (r = 0.428, p = 0.009) in the same direction LH showed a positive correlation win LH/FSH ratio (r = 0.668, p = 0.000). In infertile women with a BMI greater than 25, FSH showed a negative correlation with the LH/FSH ratio (r = -0.342, p = 0.041). From the above results, we can conclude that BMI is an essential parameter in any treatment of women’s infertility.