ObjectivesParticularly in the Middle East, few studies have explored the attitude of cancer patients and their families toward cancer diagnosis disclosure (CDD). This study was conducted to investigate the preference and attitude of a sample of cancer patients and their families in Saudi Arabia toward CDD.MethodsWe constructed a questionnaire based on previous studies. The questionnaire assessed preference and attitude toward CDD. Participants were recruited from the King Abdullah Medical City, which has one of the largest cancer centers in Saudi Arabia.ResultsThree hundred and four cancer patients and 277 of their family members participated in the study. The patient group preferred CDD more than the family group (82.6% vs 75.3%, P<0.05). This preference is especially more evident toward disclosure of detailed cancer information (status, prognosis, and treatment) (83.6% vs 59.9%, P<0.001). In a binary logistic regression, factors associated with preference toward CDD included having information about cancer (odds ratio [OR] 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–2.84) and being employed (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1–2.82) while being from the patient group was the only factor associated with preference toward detailed cancer information (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 2.11–5.05). In terms of patient reaction after CDD, “fear” was the attitude expected by the family group more than the patient group (56.3% vs 70.4%, P<0.001) while “acceptance” was the attitude anticipated by the patient group more than the family group (38% vs 15.2%, P<0.001).ConclusionPatients preferred CDD and disclosure of related information, while their families were more inclined toward scarce disclosure. Family members seem to experience negative attitudes more than the patients themselves.

ARTICLE This journal isTwo new ligands, Ph 2 PN(iPr)P(Ph)N(c-Hex)(CH 3 ) (2) (Ph = phenyl, iPr = isopropyl, c-Hex = cyclohexyl) and Ph 2 PN(c-Hex)P(Ph)NEt(CH 3 ) (Et = ethyl) (3) were synthesized. 2 was characterized by X-ray analysis. To compare their applicability with the previously known Ph 2 PN(iPr)P(Ph)N(iPr)H(1) these ligands were investigated together with chromium(III)acetylacetonate, different co-catalysts and solvents for the catalytic oligomerization of ethylene. The in situ prepared catalysts proved to be highly active, yielding highly pure 1-octene as the main product and 1-hexene as the main byproduct. It was possible to reach productivities of several hundred kg product per gram chromium and hour, up to almost 65 wt % 1-octene with about 99 % purity and overall 1-hexene plus 1-octene yields of more than 85 wt %.

This is a repository copy of PON-Based Connectivity for Fog Computing.

Novel Cr(iii) catalysts supported by linear phosph(iii)azanes of the type R(1)R(2)N-P(Ph)-NR(3)-P(Ph)-NR(4)R(5) have been prepared, all of which, upon activation with MMAO-3A, are highly active for ethene tri-/tetramerization with considerable selectivity. The effect of ligand substitution as well as solvent on the catalytic performance has been examined.

Esterification reactions are typically equilibrium limited, and face challenges with product purification. They are carried out commercially using either large excess of one of the reactants, or by removing one of the products continuously in a reactive distillation column (RDC). In the present work, we studied the kinetics of esterification reactions of dilute acetic acid with iso-amyl alcohol to produce a value added ester (iso-amyl acetate) using ion-exchange resins, Purolite® CT-175 and CT-275 as catalysts in a batch reactor. The effect of agitation speed, catalyst particle size, reaction temperature, acetic acid concentration, acetic acid to iso-amyl alcohol molar ratio and catalyst loadings were investigated to optimise the reaction conditions. The non-ideality of each species in the reacting mixture was accounted for by using the activity coefficient via the use of the UNIFAC group contribution method. The kinetic data were correlated with Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) and Eley-Rideal (E-R) models. The detailed kinetic data and a reliable rate expression for the esterification of acetic acid with an aliphatic alcohol (iso-amyl alcohol) would be useful for the simulation and design of an RDC for removing dilute acetic acid from aqueous streams. Another objective of this work was to evaluate the techno-feasibility of this operation through a systematic procedure of residue curve map (RCM). RCM gives a design engineer an idea of the existence of any separation boundaries imposed by the singular points corresponding to the reactive or kinetic azeotropes and thereby provide an insight into the feasibility of the desired operation. In the present study, RCM was generated for the quaternary system (acetic acid - iso-amyl alcohol - iso-amyl acetate - water) under different conditions to work out the feasibility of the operation. This map also suggests possible column sequencing or configurations to achieve a desired duty in an RDC.