ÖzGelişmekte olan ülkelerin sosyo-ekonomik açıdan ilerleyebilmesi ve gelişmiş ülkeler seviyesine çıkabilmeleri için üretim seviyelerini arttırarak ekonomik büyümeyi sağlamaları gerekmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu ülkelerin üretim miktarını ve milli gelirini arttırabilme sürecinde kullandıkları en önemli araçlardan birisi dış ticarettir. Türkiye'nin son yıllarda ticari faaliyetlerini geliştirdiği ülkelerin arasında G4 ülkeleri olarak adlandırılan Almanya, Japonya, Hindistan ve Brezilya yer almaktadır. Türkiye'nin 2018 yılında G4 ülkeleriyle gerçekleştirdiği toplam dış ticaret hacmi 53.551 milyar dolardır ve bu rakam Türkiye'nin toplam dış ticaretinin %13,7'sine karşılık gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye ile G4 ülkeleri arasındaki dış ticaret ilişkileri ve ülkelerdeki kilit endüstriler Girdi-Çıktı analizi ile tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Analiz kapsamında 2014 yılı WIOD verileri ile Leontief ters matrisi, kilit endüstriler ve ithalat ters matrisi tüm ülkeler için hesaplanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre Türkiye ile G4 ülkelerindeki kilit endüstrilerin benzerlik gösterdiği ve bu endüstrilerin Kimyasalların ve kimyasal ürünlerin imalatı ile Temel metallerin imalatı endüstrileri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca tüm ülkelerin enerji ve sanayi girdisi bakımından ithalata bağımlı bir ekonomik yapıya sahip oldukları ve bu durumun özellikle Türkiye, Brezilya ve Hindistan'daki endüstrilerarası yapısal bağınlaşmayı zayıflattığı yapılan analizler sonucunda tespit edilmiştir.
This study is basically about the values of university youth. Along with the rapid sociological changes, it is obvious that the youth is one of the fore-coming social layers which has been affected by the developments being lived with in all components of the society especially following the years of the 2000's. Therefore, the question "What direction do the affairs of the youth evolve?" is a big concern both among the individual sand the society groups; especially this question is an important issue that keep busy some leading social actors of the society such as politicians, educational institutions, religious organization sand the family members. At this point, there is an obvious need for critical thinking and scientific studies which will support basic perceptions and observations. This research study is inspired by the study named "The Values of University Youth" which was implemented by Topçuoğlu in 1999. After 20 years, in this study, which aims to understand today's university youth's attitude level towards values in relation with different variables, the assessment instruments were taken from the cited research study so as to ensure reliable comparison and reach correct conclusion. The data, which is derivedfrom 927 participants who are studying at public corprivate universities, is used to make deduction. The 7 factor groups that have been reached at the end of the analysis and the other variables were evaluated and compared to the findings that was gathered in former study. One of the most striking findings which helped to see the change safter 20 years is that byusing Schwart's Human Value Questionnaire(1992) the positive correlative relation between distinctive individüalist group sandspiritual groups is identified. In an other word, theyouthgiveimportancetothematerialvalueslikeimageorbeingambitious on one side while they have a religious tendency on the other side. However, this was just opposite 20 years ago with a negative and opposite correlative relation. Along with other findings, this research study reminds that replicated studies can be particularly effective in highlight in gthesociological changes and transformation while it was trying to understand the values of university youth.
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