Anthraquinones are privileged chemical motifs with diverse therapeutic applications, especially in the treatment of cancer. The extensive literature highlights the significance of anthraquinones as potent anticancer agents.
DDQ is the most widely used quinone with a high reduction potential and it mediates hydride transfer reactions and shows three accessible oxidation states: quinone (oxidized), semiquinone (one-electron-reduced) and hydroquinone (two-electron-reduced).
Chiral organic fluorophores have significant promise in the development of efficient emitters of circularly polarized light. Herein we describe a helically chiral boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) with a hitherto unreported N,N,O,C‐boron‐chelation motif, synthesised by means of a one‐pot boron metathesis, nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr), Suzuki coupling, boron chelation, cascade reaction. Resolution of the racemic BODIPY (by preparative HPLC on a chiral stationary phase) allowed examination of the chiroptical properties of the resulting enantiomers (λmax(abs)=593 nm, λmax(em)=622 nm, ϵ=30 000 m−1 cm−1, φF=0.49, |glum|=3.7×10−3 (hexane)). This is the first example of circularly polarised emission from a non‐C2‐symmetric helically chiral N,N,O,C‐BODIPY and as such provides a valuable benchmark for future developments in this compound series.
The BOPHY structural scaffold provides opportunities for the synthesis of innumerable derivatives with linear geometries and well-controlled -conjugation pathways. The simpler BOPHY chromophores are highly fluorescent but exhibit poor mirror symmetry between absorption and fluorescence spectra at ambient temperature. In particular, the absorption (and excitation) spectra are broad and appear as two overlapping band of comparable intensity. In constrained media, such as low-temperature rigid glasses or stretched poly(ethylene) films, mirror symmetry is restored. Analysis of the temperature dependence recorded for simple BOPHY derivatives indicates that the vibronic envelope accompanying the electronic transitions can be well described in terms of lowand medium-frequency modes. Whereas the fluorescence spectral profile is only weakly dependent on temperature, the excitation spectrum is far more affected. The magnitude of the low-frequency mode, and the associated electron-phonon coupling, increase substantially with increasing temperature and is responsible for temperature broadening and distortion of the excitation spectrum in solution. This critical low-frequency vibronic mode is associated with out-of-plane torsional bending of the BOPHY unit. Variable temperature NMR studies failed to provide unequivocal evidence for conformational changes of one of the derivatives over the temperature range 193-353K.
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