BackgroundHIV infection continues to be epidemic of public health importance with a prevalence of 1.1% and incidence of 0.33/1000 population having low-intensity mixed epidemic. Ethiopia has adopted the 90–90-90 by 2020 target but its progress was not yet assessed. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the trend of HIV infection for the last 26 years and to predict the achievements of the 90–90-90 target.MethodsWe used aggregates of HIV/AIDS indicator data from 1990 to 2016 of UNAIDS data bases. The data were analyzed with excel and STATA. The trend line that best fits the regression was drawn, annual change was estimated and future values of HIV detection rate, coverage of antiretroviral therapy and viral suppression indicators were predicted and compared with the 90–90-90 targets.ResultSince 1995, new infection has declined by 81% and since 2002; number of HIV cases has declined by 35.5%. However, after remarkable decline for decades, since 2008 HIV incidence rate began to rise by 10% and number of new infection diagnosed each year increased by 36% among all ages and doubled among adults. ART coverage has increased by 90% among all age and tripled among pregnant women within 6 years. Nationally, 67% of people living with HIV know their status, 88% of them are on treatment and 86% of people on treatment have viral suppression. As a result, AIDS-related death declined by 77 and 79% among all age and children respectively. By 2020, 79% of people living with HIV will know their HIV status, of which 96–99% of HIV infected people will be on ART and more than 86% will have viral suppression.ConclusionAfter remarkable decline, HIV infection started to increase in the last few years among adults. With the current trend, Ethiopia will achieve the second and third 90% HIV targets, while the first target is not achievable and without achieving this overarching goal control of the epidemic will not be achieved. Therefore due attention is needed to avert the current epidemics and diagnosis of cases.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3214-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

BackgroundThe HIV/AIDS epidemic has been fuelled by gender inequality and disparity resulted in violation of women reproductive right. The “feminization” of the pandemic is more apparent in Sub-Saharan Africa where the larger numbers of HIV infected people are living. Although they carry the higher proportion of HIV cases; access to care and treatment is lower among women. In Ethiopia where HIV is prevalent and gender violence is common, the disparity may be higher. Therefore, this research aimed to assesses trends in gender disparity in the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Ethiopia to bring evidence for action.MethodsThis study was conducted using aggregates of HIV/AIDS indicator data from 1990 to 2016 of UNAIDS data bases. The data was compiled and analyzed with excel and STATA Version 11. The trend was assessed, gender difference was measured and rate of change was compared between genders and specific age groups.ResultAdult females (age 15+) accounted 61.5% of the HIV cases and new infection among adults. While, adolescent females (age 10-19) and young women (age 15-24) accounted 52.3 and 57.5% of prevalent cases and 74 and 68% of new infection in their age category respectively. HIV is 1.62 times more prevalent among adult women than men. Since 1990, HIV cases among adults has risen markedly in the first decade with 24 and 20%, then declined by 41.5% in the second decade and rose again by 5 and 8.7% among women and men respectively. The overall prevalence is declined by 72.4 and 71.5% from the maximum record. Women and men have equal access for ART; 62% of men and 61% of women from all adults living with HIV were on ART. While 61% of deaths were among adult women and the death rate is similar among adolescent women and men. AIDS- related death has been declined by 76% from the maximum record.ConclusionHIV/AIDS prevalence, new infection and AIDS-related death are by far higher among adult women than men. While the coverage of treatment and HIV care is equal among both genders. Vulnerable age groups (adolescent females and young women) take the lion’s share of the new infections and prevalent cases. Therefore due attention is needed to avert gender disparity with a particular emphasis for adolescents and young women.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13690-018-0299-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background:Severe acute malnutrition has been managed at Hospital stabilization centers until the management at health center based stabilization centers was started recently. However, the treatment outcome was not assessed in relation to the existing hospital-based management. Therefore, this study comparatively assessed the treatment outcome and survival status of severe acute malnutrition among Health center-based and hospital-based stabilization centers. The finding will be used by healthcare providers, planners and policymakers at large.Methods:Randomly selected 400 records of under-five children admitted to five stabilization centers (2 hospitals and 3 health center) in Gedeo Zone was included. Data was entered by Epi Info version 7 and analyzed by STATA version 11. Survival difference was checked by life table and Kaplan-Mier with Log-Rank test. Cox proportional hazards model was built by forward stepwise procedure; compared to likely hood ratio test and Harrell’s concordance and fitness checked by the cox-snell residual plot.Result:The study showed that the cumulative probability of Survival is significantly different at Hospital stabilization center and health center stabilization centers (p.value <0.001) with shorter survival at hospitals. During the follow-up period, 28(13.86%) children from hospital and 5(2.5%) children from health center died, while 155(76.73%) children from the hospital and 145(73.23%) children from health center got cured. Eighteen (4.5%)children were defaulted. Death is significantly higher at the hospital, while default rate and cure rate are not significantly different. Altered pulse rate [AHR=2.44, 95% CI =1.47-4, p<0.001], NG tube insertion [AHR=1.8, 95% CI =1.04-3.1, p=0.038], Anemia [AHR=1.53, 95% CI =1.02-2.3, p<0.041] and Hypoglycemia [AHR=2.78, 95% CI =1.8-4.3, p<0.001] were found to be independent predictors of death.Conclusion:The survival of children in hospital is shorter and mortality is higher. An overall treatment outcome was in acceptable ranges. Intervention to further reduce deaths at hospitals has to focus on children with comorbidities and altered general conditions and early detection.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of soil transmitted helminthes among primary school children. School based cross-sectional study design was employed. A total of six hundred study subjects were selected by a multistage sampling method. Fresh stool specimens were collected using clean, dry and wide mouthed labeled stool cups. It was processed by Kato-Katz technique. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result The overall prevalence of soil transmitted helminthes was 57 (9.5%). Hookworm was the most prevalent helminthes species isolated (4.2%) followed by A. lumbricoide (3%). The prevalence of Taenia species, T. trichiura , H. nana and E. vermicularis were; 1.2%, 0.5%, 0.7% and 0.8% respectively. The prevalence of the Soil transmitted helminthes infection was low and all cases of Soil transmitted infections in this study were with low infection intensity. This might be due to the preventive chemotherapy given to the school children. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-019-4254-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background Malaria continues to be a public health problem and important cause of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia. Due to continuous interventions to combat malaria in endemic regions, a decline in malaria related deaths and morbidity has been registered. These gains, however, are threatened with the emergency of antimalarial drugs resistant strains of plasmodium parasites. This study aimed to determine therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine for treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria cases in Guragae zone, southern central Ethiopia. Methods A one arm prospective study with recurrence of parasitaemia and clinical conditions of patients were evaluated on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 28. Patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria mono infection and eligible for study inclusion criteria were recruited. SPSS-21 used for data analysis and management. Kaplan-Meier survival probability analysis was estimated. Mean geometric parasitaemia and average haemoglobin concentration were calculated. Results Among 87 total recruited subjects, 81 of them completed the 28 days follow up. More than half of (57.5%) the study participants had a history of fever and 42.5% of them had fever at the time of enrollment. The mean body temperature on day of recruitment was 38.2 °C and 36.8 °C on day 28. Geometric mean parasitaemia calculated on day of enrollment was 2270 parasites/μl of blood. Recurrence of parasitaemia was registered from two subjects during entire follow up. The mean haemoglobin concentration of study participants on day of enrolment was 11.8 g/ dl and 13.8 g/dl on day 28. Conclusion This study registered a high chloroquine efficacy rate among the study participants. Therefore, chloroquine remains efficacious for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria in the study area. However, there is a need to monitor chloroquine resistance by employing molecular tools for better evaluation of treatment outcome.