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Increasingly complex space missions require powerful and flexible simulation environments in order to design, analyze, and operate the missions. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory has created the DSENDS simulation environment that addresses these needs for a wide range of space missions. In this paper, we describe the DSENDS simulation environment and the key architectural components that make DSENDS a useful simulation and analysis framework. We also overview a variety of NASA missions and flight experiments that are using DSENDS.

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Abstract-Efficient exploration of the Moon, Mars, and other celestial bodies will require careful coordination between assets in human-robot teams. Such complexity requires mission planning tools to accurately simulate resource consumption, communications, and maneuverability/traversability for multiple vehicles throughout proposed expeditions. This paper presents a Keyhole Markup Language (KML) interface for simulation of complex robotic vehicle missions with the Lunar Surface Operations Simulator (LSOS), a dynamics-based rover simulator based on the Rover Analysis, Modeling, and Simulation (ROAMS) software. This technique outlines simple Schemas that describe complex events in a KML file and replaces manual simulation script construction. Several experiments and simulation studies that utilized this method are presented.