<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Pregnancy is a period of profound endocrine and metabolic alterations which make the pregnant woman susceptible to changes in the skin and its appendages. These changes in pregnancy can be either physiological, development of pregnancy specific dermatoses or changes in pre-existing skin diseases. The aim of the study to study the dermatological manifestations of pregnancy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a cross sectional study design. All pregnant females with cutaneous manifestations attending outpatient department of Dermato-Venereo-Leprology and Obstetrics and Gynaecology were recruited during December 2015 to October 2017. They were subjected to general, local and systemic examination. Statistical analysis was done with the help percentage, mean and standard deviation.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 400 patients, 216 (54%) were primigravidae and 184 (46%) were multigravidae. Majority of the patients (55%) were in the age group of 21-25 years. Physiological changes were present in all patients and specific dermatoses in 8.75% of patients. The commonest mucosal change was Jacquemier-Chadwick Sign (96.5%) followed by gingivitis (2.5%). Most common pigmentary change recorded was linea nigra. Most common specific dermatoses reported was prurigo of pregnancy (8%) followed by pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (0.5%). Prurigo of pregnancy was more frequently recorded in multigravida patients and more frequently in third trimester of pregnancy. The commonest dermatosis not specific to pregnancy observed was dermatophyte infection.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Awareness about various cutaneous changes in pregnancy is important for correct diagnosis that will direct the most appropriate laboratory evaluation and careful management in an effort to minimize maternal and fetal morbidity.</p>

Non surgical periodontal therapy is a critical aspect of periodontal treatment, aimed at removal of the etiologic factor, thereby halting the disease progression and re-establishment of biologically acceptable root surface for healing. With non surgical periodontal therapy, periodontal health can be achieved in the least invasive manner. In comparison to other modes of periodontal treatment, Non-surgical therapy remains the corner stone of periodontal treatment, as not only the first mode of treatment approach for treating periodontal disease but it also restores tissue health to prepare it for further surgery. Scaling and root planing have been extensively studied over decades to evaluate their efficacy, to decide on the treatment approach, to determine the criteria for assessing its adequacy to facilitate healing. This review article focuses on the studies done to bring into light the various aspects of non surgical periodontal therapy.

INTRODUCTION: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the majority of the world's population. Currently, more emphasis has been directed towards the combined influence of education level, lifestyle instead of regular risk factors in dealing with chronic illnesses. The present paper is to assess the periodontal health status, education level and lifestyle in outpatient department of Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research (GNIDSR), Sodepur, Kolkata, West Bengal. OBJECTIVE:The objective of the study was to evaluate patient's education level & life style with periodontal disease. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 245 subjects of 35-44 years age group over two months period. Subjects were interviewed by the questionnaire and Modified Community Periodontal Index was recorded. RESULT: The statistical analysis shows significant decrease in periodontal health status when education level increased. Also the prevalence of periodontitis with a healthy lifestyle is significantly lower when compared with an unhealthy lifestyle. CONCLUSION:There is a strong association of lifestyle and education level with periodontal health.

Background : Psychiatric comorbidities are not very uncommon particularly in alcohol dependent patients. They are sometime very difficult to treat and overall prognosis is unpredictable most of the time.Aims : To measure the prevalence of several psychiatric comorbidities in patients with alcohol dependence.Settings and Design : The study assessed the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities among 100 alcohol dependent patients admitted in Institute of Psychiatry, Kolkata.Methods and Material : A semistructuredproforma and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) diagnostic tools were used among alcohol dependent patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria.Statistical Analysis used : Statistical analysis was done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).Results : The psychiatric comorbidities among alcohol dependent patients were depression (32%), Bipolar affective disorder (20%), Anxiety disorder (18%), Personality disorder (10%), Schizophrenia (10%).Conclusions : Most of the patients in this study were males. Those of (V-X) educational standard, male persons of mean age group 25.4 years and having monthly family income of Rs 1,000 - 5,000 were most vulnerable group of alcohol dependence with comorbidities. The most common psychiatric comorbidity was depression (32.5%).Key Message : Alcohol abuse is a great worldwide problem and psychiatric comorbidities arenot uncommon with alcohol dependence. However, the co-morbidity with substance problemsis underreported and understudied. Early detection and prompt intervention to treat alcoholdependence is essentially needed to overcome this burning problem.

Background: Calcorrugoscopy is the macroscopic analysis of the rugae patterns present on patients' casts made of dental stone. Aim: The present cross-sectional study was undertaken to nd the correlation between rugae pattern and periodontitis for prediction of individuals prone to periodontitis. Materials And Methods: The study population consisted of 200 Subjects who were selected in the age group of 35-44years and grouped as 100 with healthy periodontium and 100 with chronic periodontitis. Rugae patterns were photographed and impression casts were fabricated. The casts were subjected to calcorrugoscopy and were statistically analysed. Results: The number of rugae were found to be more in normal healthy individuals as compared to those having chronic periodontitis. Conclusion: The differences in the number and shape of rugae patterns in normal healthy individuals and those with periodontitis may be attributed to the disease progression.