Cancer cells meet their energy need by predominantly increased uptake of glucose, high rate of glycolysis, and increased production of lactate even in the presence of adequate oxygen.  This process was proposed by Otto Warburg and named after him as the Warburg effect. The development of drugs that target glucose intake and aerobic glycolysis or lactic acid secretion of cancer cells is a newer approach for drug discovery. We have tested five purified plants‐derived compounds such as curcumin, quercetin, ellagic acid, resveratrol, and indole‐3‐carbinol in HeLa cells for cytotoxicity, inhibition of metastasis, and modulation of lactate–pyruvate metabolism. Standard biochemical methods were used for glucose, lactic acid, and pyruvic acid measurement. The cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Cell migration was checked by wound healing assay. A dose‐dependent cytotoxic effect and inhibition of cell migration were observed in all the tested compounds. A decrease in the lactate and increase in pyruvate level was observed in all the tested compounds except ellagic acid. Our finding suggests that tested phytocompounds are associated with the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and execute the cytotoxic effect. These compounds could be used for cancer prevention and therapy.

The study aims to investigate the presence of TORCH infections in a child with bilateral cataracts and deafness and report the ToRCH serology screening profile (Toxoplasma gondii [TOX], rubella [RV], cytomegalovirus [CMV], and herpes simplex virus [HSV I/II]) in pediatric cataract and deafness. background TORCH serology is an indirect method for testing recent, old, or no infections. The TORCH serology screening profile of pediatric cataract and deafness cases in eastern India is still unknown. Methods Cases that had a clear clinical history of congenital cataracts and congenital deafness were included in the study. The study population consisted of 18 bilateral cataracts and 12 bilateral deafness child who was admitted to AIIMS Bhubaneswar for cataract surgery and cochlear implantation, respectively. Sera of all children were tested qualitatively and quantitatively for IgG/IgM antibodies against ToRCH agents in a sequential manner. objective To Know the immunity status against TORCH agents in children with bilateral cataracts and deafness. This gave us the chance to study the type of infection of children with 5 pathogens. Results Anti-IgG antibodies against the torch panel were detected in all cataract and deafness patients. Anti-CMV IgG was detected in 17 of 18 bilateral cataract children and 11 of 12 bilateral deaf children. The rates of anti-CMV IgG antibody positivity were significantly higher. In the cataract group, 94.44% and in the deafness group, 91.66% of the patient was Anti-CMV IgG positive. Besides this, 77.7 % of the patient from the cataract group and 75% from the deafness group was anti-RV IgG antibody positive. In bilateral cataract patients, IgG‑alone seropositive cases were mostly attributed to CMV (94.44%; 17/18), followed by RV (77.70%; 14/18), HSV‑I (27.70%; 5/18), TOX (27.70%; 5/18), and HSV‑II (16.60%; 3/18). In bilateral deafness patients, the spectrum of IgG alone seropositive cases was almost the same except for TOX (0/12). Conclusion The current study recommends interpreting ToRCH screening in pediatric cataracts and deafness with caution. Interpretation should include both serial qualitative and quantitative assays in tandem with clinical correlation to minimize diagnostic errors. The sero-clinical positivity needs to be tested in older children who might pose a threat to the spread of infection.

Background MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the function of mRNA post-transcriptionally in a tissue-specific manner. miRNA expressions are heavily dysregulated in human cancer cells through various mechanisms, including epigenetic changes, karyotype abnormalities, and miRNA biogenesis defects. miRNAs may act as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors under different conditions. Epicatechin is a natural compound found in green tea which possesses antioxidant and antitumor properties. Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of epicatechin treatment on the expression level of several oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs in breast and colorectal cancer cell lines (MCF7 and HT-29) and identify its mechanism of action. Methods The MCF-7 and HT29 cells were treated with epicatechin for 24 hours and untreated cells were considered control cultures. miRNA was isolated and qRT-PCR was used to measure the expression profile changes of different oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs. Furthermore, the mRNA expression profile was also screened at different concentrations of epicatechin. Results Our results showed several-fold changes in miRNAs expression level, which is cell line specific. Also, epicatechin at different concentrations induces biphasic changes in mRNA expression levels in both cell lines. Conclusion Our findings first time demonstrated that epicatechin can reverse the expression of these miRNAs and may trigger the cytostatic effect at a lower concentration.

Background: 67-kDa laminin receptor is a cell surface receptor for laminin and polyphenols like EGCG. 67LR overexpressed in different cancers. Polyphenols-induced activation of 67LR activates Akt/eNOS/NO/cGMP/PKCδ pathways very well known for apoptotic signalling and inhibits cell growth via PKA/PP2A activation, ultimately triggering cancer cell death. The binding of EGCG to the Human laminin receptor (67LR) upregulates Tollip expression, inhibits TLR4 signaling, and prevents inflammation. Method: Protein-ligand docking was performed considering Human laminin receptor (67LR) precursor (PDB ID - 3BCH) as protein and 18 polyphenols as ligand using Autodock Vina 1.1.2. Result: combining EGCG or other potent polyphenols with PDE5 inhibitors may impart a rationale for the clinical efficiency of this formulation for cancer therapeutics and 67LR is conceivably an absolute novel target for cancer chemotherapy and treatment of inflammation. Discussion: Developing the anticancer formulation of the anticancer drug, 67LR inducer along with inhibitor of PDE5 and SET could exert strong antitumor effects via the 67LR. It will reduce the dose of anticancer drugs and adverse side effects.