Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ten valent (PCV 10) was introduced into Nigeria in three phases. Phase 3 introduction started in August 2016. However, its impact on pneumonia admissions and mortality among vaccinated Nigerian children has not been determined. Data in the period before PCV-10 introduction (3 August 2013–2 August 2016), and after (3 August 2017–2 August 2020) were retrospectively extracted from the medical charts of eligible patients aged 3–24 months with hospitalized radiological pneumonia at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan; National Hospital (NH), Abuja; and Federal Teaching Hospital (FTH), Gombe, allowing for an intervening period of 1 year. Proportions of the patients with hospitalized pneumonia and case fatality rates were determined during both periods. The results were compared using z-test, multiple logistic regression analysis and p < .05 was considered significant. Adjusted pneumonia hospitalization rates between the two periods increased at the NH Abuja (10.7% vs 14.6%); decreased at the UCH, Ibadan (8.7% vs 6.9%); and decreased at the FTH, Gombe (28.5% vs 18.9%). Case fatality rates decreased across all the sites during the post-PCV introduction period: NH Abuja, from 6.6% to 4.4% ( p = .106); FTH, Gombe, 11.7% to 7.7% ( p = .477); and UCH, Ibadan, 2.0% to 0% ( p = .045); but only significant at Ibadan. Overall, proportion of hospitalized pneumonia cases decreased after 3 years of PCV 10 introduction into the National Immunization Programme in Nigeria. The case fatality rate during post-PCV 10 introduction decreased at all the three sites, but this difference was significant at the UCH, Ibadan.

Background: The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescence is important but there is a dearth of this information among developing countries such as Nigeria. To assess the relationship between BMI and HRQoL among healthy schooling adolescents in Southwestern Nigeria. Aims: We assessed the relationship between BMI and HRQoL among healthy schooling adolescents in southwestern Nigeria. Methods: In a cross-sectional study design, 650 adolescents were selected and interviewed about their quality of life in the preceding 1 month using a validated instrument with contents adapted from the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQLTM) questionnaire. The BMI was calculated and plotted on the Center for Disease Control and Prevention percentile chart to categorize as underweight, normal, overweight, or obese. Comparisons were made using Student's t-test, ANOVA, and linear regression model at P = 0.05. Results: Participants mean BMI and overall HRQoL score was 19.0 ± 3.0 kg/m2 and 73.7 ± 11.7, respectively. The prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity was 6.9%, 2.3%, and 0.6%, respectively. Females (72.3 ± 12.2) had a significantly lower overall mean HRQoL score than males (75.0 ± 11.1), P = 0.048. Post-hoc ANOVA showed that obese adolescents had significantly lower mean HRQoL in school functioning domain (55.0 ± 20.8) than underweight (83.5 ± 14.), and normal BMI (81.3 ± 16.3) participants (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Obesity reduces HRQoL in the school functioning domain among adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. Our finding buttresses the need to monitor body mass and size in high schools for enhancing quality of life.

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