Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication of Diabetes mellitus. There are few reports on the pattern and outcome of DKA in childhood diabetes in Nigeria but none on the diabetic population from Osun State, Nigeria. Objective: To determine the pattern and factors influencing the outcome of children managed for DKA at the Paediatric Endocrinology Unit of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria, over a ten-year period. Methods: A retrospective review of the clinical records of all the children managed for Type-1 Diabetes mellitus (TIDM) over ten years (2007-2016) was done. Relevant information was obtained from the clinical records and the data were analyzed. Results: A total of 15 children with DKA comprising 8 (53.3%) males and 7 (46.7%) females were studied. The male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Twenty-eight episodes of DKA were recorded during the period, thus putting the average frequency per patient at 1.9. DKA was the first manifestation of DM in the majority (86.7%) of the subjects. The mean age at diagnosis of DM was 11.9+3.6 years with about half (53.3%) occurring during pre-adolescence. The socio-economic status of the affected families had an inverse relationship with the frequency of DKA. Conclusion: DKA is the most common initial presentation of Type-1 DM among Nigerian children, with a high rate of recurrence and an inverse relationship with socioeconomic status.

BackgroundIn genital anomalies, measurement of total testosterone is required but is expensive and technically difficult to assay. Therefore, the measurement of anogenital distance, which is non-invasive and cheap, could be used to estimate total serum testosterone in neonates. The objective if this study is to determine the relationship between total serum testosterone and anogenital distance and estimate total serum testosterone levels in term neonates using measurements of anogenital distance.MethodsThis was a prospective cross-sectional study. Consecutive healthy term neonates were recruited in the first 72 h of postnatal life. Anogenital distance was measured with a digital vernier calliper. Total serum testosterone was determined using enzyme linked immunoassay.ResultsA total of 240 term neonates comprising 124 (51.7%) males and 116 (48.3%) females were studied. The overall mean anogenital distance was 19.7 (7.7) mm and 26.5 (3.7) mm for males which was more than twice 12.4 (2.3) mm for females (t = 35.3, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI], 13–14). The overall mean total serum testosterone level was 267.1 (204.8) ng/dL; and 357.4 (241.7) ng/dL in males which was more than twice of 170.6 (80.7) ng/dL for females (t = 7.9, p < 0.001, 95% CI, 144–221). There was positive correlation between total serum testosterone and anogenital distance (r = 0.425, p < 0.001). The correlation was stronger in males than in females. The linear regression equation was as follows: total serum testosterone (ng/dL) = 44.3 + 11.3*AGD (mm) with 95% CI, 8–14.ConclusionsThe known value of anogenital distance could be used to estimate total serum testosterone levels in term neonates.

Introduction the reference values of stretched penile length vary with different ethnic group. There is paucity of data on the reference range of total serum testosterone in neonates especially in Africa. This study therefore was to determine the normal stretched penile length, total serum testosterone levels in term male newborns and to correlate them with anthropometric parameters. Methods this was a prospective cross-sectional study. One hundred and twenty-four consecutive healthy term male neonates were recruited in the first 72 hours of postnatal life. The stretched penile length (SPL) was measured with a rigid metric ruler. Weight, length and occipitofrontal circumference were also measured. Total serum testosterone level was determined using Enzyme Linked Immunoassay. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows version 20. Results a total of 124 term male neonates were recruited. The postnatal age of recruited neonates was one to 70 hours with a mean of 22.8 ± 17.6 hours and the mean of estimated gestation age was 38.5 ± 1.3 weeks. The range of stretched penile length was from 2.1 to 3.9 cm with a mean of 3.2 ± 0.4 cm and SPL less than 2.2 cm was considered as micropenis. The mean total serum testosterone level was 357.4 ± 241.7 ng/dl. The SPL had a positive correlation with the birth weight, length and total serum testosterone. The total serum testosterone and birth length were predictors of stretched penile length. Conclusion among the studied population the mean stretched penile length was 3.2 cm and mean total serum testosterone was 357.4 ng/dL.

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Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an under-diagnosed public health problem affecting women with attendant negative bio-psycho-social ramifications, and unfortunately there is no universally agreed recommendation for routine hospital IPV screening currently.Aim: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of IPV among women and their perceptions towards screening.Setting: The study was carried out in a hospital in Southwest, Nigeria.Methods: The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study of 347 consenting women. Respondents were recruited using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaire adapted from the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Multi-Country Study Questionnaire on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence against women. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used and a p-value 5% was considered significant.Results: The prevalence of IPV among the sample was 71.2%. The most common IPV pattern was controlling behaviour (49.6%) while sexual violence (19.6%) was the least. The majority (85.0%) of the respondents agreed that routine IPV screening should be done for women while 96.5% believed that it would enable doctors to help identify victims. The belief that it will help physicians in making a correct diagnosis, shared by 10.7% of the respondents, was statistically significant (odd ratio [OR] = 2.592, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.180–5.694, p-value = 0.018). A total of 37 respondents (10.7%) were about three times more likely to have experienced IPV than others.Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of IPV and the women are open to routine hospital IPV screening, with the belief that it will help physicians to make an accurate diagnosis of IPV.Contribution: This research was done by majority of family health specialists, in Nigeria, an African country. The focus of the research was distinctly with an African perspective, in the field of family medicine which has a public health implication and effect on the community.