Turki Uthmaniyah merupakan sebuah khilafah Islam yang pernah wujud di wilayah Anatolia yang terletak di Turki, manakala ibu negaranya terletak di Istanbul. Kerajaan ini muncul sejak akhir abad ke-13 dan mencapai kemuncak ketika abad ke-15 dan abad ke-16. Kerajaan Turki Uthmaniyah juga sering dianggap khilafah Islam yang menjadi pengganti kepada khilafah Bani Abbsasiyah yang dijatuhkan pada abad ke-13, sekali gus menjadi penaung dan pemelihara kepada umat Islam di seluruh dunia. Objektif kajian ini ialah membincangkan sejarah kerajaan Turki Uthmaniyah selain sumbangan kerajaan Turki Uthmaniyah dalam aspek politik dan sosial. Skop kajian ini ialah sejak penubuhan kerajaan Turki Uthmaniyah pada awal abad ke-14 iaitu sekitar 1300 sehingga keruntuhan kerajaan Turki Uthmaniyah pada awal abad ke-20 iaitu pada tahun 1924. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, iaitu kaedah kajian perpustakaan dengan meneliti pelbagai sumber primer seperti fail dan dokumen, iaitu fail Foreign Office (FO) yang diperoleh di The National Archive, London, serta akhbar seperti The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser dan The Straits Times, selain sumber sekunder seperti buku, artikel dan tesis. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa kerajaan Turki Uthmaniyah telah memberikan sumbangan yang besar dalam bidang politik dan sosial, khususnya pada dua abad pertama penubuhan kerajaan tersebut iaitu akhir abad ke-13 sehingga akhir abad ke-16.

Malay students were among students from the Malay World who studied in Cairo, especially in the al-Azhar University since the late 19th century. This article discusses the activities of Malay students in Cairo before 1970, especially from First World War. This study shows that the Malay students in Cairo were involved in various social and political activities after the Second World War. Apart from establishing a good relationship with the Egyptian government, the Malay students in Cairo established relationships with student organizations from the Middle East, Africa and Southeast Asia. Malay students in Cairo also established a good relationship with the leaders of Malaya and the Malay rulers to ensure the welfare of Malay students in Cairo were addressed. A high sense of patriotism was also shown by the students in Cairo. They organized the celebration of the Independence Day of Malaya, as well as made recommendetions to the Malay Congress onmatters concerning the future of Malay rulers, the Malay states and the Malays. The Malay students in Cairo also welcomed the arrival of opposition leaders and leftist politicians who visited Cairo. Pengenalan Kaherah merupakan sebuah bandar di Mesir yang tidak asing bagi orang Melayu. Sejak akhir abad ke-19, Kaherah sudah muncul sebagai sebuah pusat pembelajaran ilmu agama yang terkenal dalam kalangan orang Melayu, sekali gus menarik minat ramai ibu bapa untuk menghantar anak mereka melanjutkan pengajian di sana. Tahun 1920-an pula merupakan kemuncak kepada kedatangan pelajar Melayu ke Kaherah

The rise of Kemal Ataturk (1881-1938) as President of the Republic of Turkey in 1924 resulted in him being regarded as a highly respected political leader among the Malays. This is clear from the extensive coverage on him given by Malay newspapers and magazines. This article will focus on the polemics evident in the Malay newspapers and magazines of the period revolving around Kemal's modernisation plans. In the early stages, most of the Malay newspapers and magazines supported Kemal's establishment of the Republic of Turkey and his modernisation programmes. However, support for Kemal's modernisation plans reduced considerably when it became obvious that the modernisation programmes began to marginalize Islam and the elements of secularism became clear. Several controversial issues related to the modernisation programmes that were clearly against Islamic teachings eventually gave rise to polemical discussions in the Malay newspapers and journals.

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The debates on Asian democracy began 30 years ago. Western countries have often promoted liberal democracy as being the genuine democracy, giving justice to the people and being able to meet the needs of their communities. However, at the same time, some Asian countries practice democracy that promotes Asian values, which are very different from Western values. Western countries describe Asian democracy as an excuse for some leaders to maintain power in their respective countries, for example Malaysia. Critics have pointed out that some Asian leaders have used authoritarianism or despotism in order to mitigate the weaknesses of their rule. Asian democracy is practiced in Kelantan where the PAS (Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party) continued to maintain power for 23 years, from 1990 to 2013. Factors that have contributed to the long rule of the PAS party include socio-political stability, including political parties who were clean and competent and leaders who are knowledgeable and pious.