Cryptococcus  infection in HIV / AIDS patients results in cryptococcal meningitis, a major cause of subacute meningitis  with 100% mortality if not receiving appropriate antifungal therapy. An examination of cryptococcal antigen will provide risk information for patients who will experience cryptococcal meningitis. Better diagnosis in asymptomatic and symptomatic phases of cryptococcosis are key components to reduce morbidity and mortality. This study aims to determine the proportion of cryptococcal antigenemia in HIV / AIDS patients treated at Intermediate Treatment-Infectious Diseases Unit of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. Cryptococcal antigenemia was examined in HIV / AIDS patients with suspected Cryptococcus infection and CD4+ T cell lymphocyte count <200 cell /μl. The examination used a lateral flow assay diagnostic tool, a simple FDA(Food and Drug Administration)-approved immunochromatographic test system for detection of capsular polysccharide antigens of Cryptococcus species complex (Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii) in blood. This test meets all of the World Health Organization ASSURED criteria (affordable, sensitive, specific, user friendly, rapid/robust, equipment-free, and delivered). Sensitivity and specifiticy of this method from serum are both 100%. There were 3 positive cryptococcal antigenemia from 41 serum HIV / AIDS patients with suspected cryptococcus infection at Intermediate Treatment- Infectious Diseases Unit of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. All of these patients were male aged over 36 years, had CD4+ T cell lymphocytes <100 cell /μl and had never received antiretroviral therapy before. The proportion of cryptococcal antigenemia in HIV / AIDS patients with suspected Cryptococcus infection at Intermediate Treatment-Infectious Diseases Unit of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya was 7.32%.

Introduction: Dengue Virus Infection (DVI) is one of cautious mosquito-borne virus disease that transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Surabaya has the highest incidence rate of DVI in East Java. Transmission of dengue virus were significantly affected by the change of climatic factor components (precipitation, temperature, and humidity). This study is aimed to analyze the correlation between climatic factor components with the incidence rate of DVI in Surabaya and its distribution.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using analytic observational approach. The Incidence rate of DVI during 2010-2013 datas were taken from Surabaya Health Office. Climatic factor datas on the same years were taken from Juanda Meteorological Station. Correlation tests were performed by using Spearman Test.Results: As the result, there were 7,685 DVI patients during 2010-2013. Male patients have less proportion (51.89%). The highest DVI cases are from the age group of 5-14 years (>40%). Incidence rate of DVI was increased during February to April, and highest incidence rate occured in 2010 (n=3,379). There were significant correlation between precipitation (r=0.419, p-value p=0.003) and humidity (r=0.502, p-value=0.000) with the incidence rate of DVI in Surabaya during 2010-2013.Conclusion: Therefore, precipitation and humidity are two climatic factor components that may effect the incidence rate of DVI in Surabaya.