An entrepreneur is someone often associated with venture creation, through what could be termed as bold undertaking; a process of treading an unfamiliar terrain characterized by overwhelming challenges known as entrepreneurship. Similarly the self actualizing individual is perceptive of possibilities and engaged in pursuits of interest that could otherwise be deemed unattainable by the multitude. These two, share commonalities akin to commitment to a purpose, meaningful enough to be sustainable and yet do not operate in isolation. They both work to inspire, motivate and organize people of shared vision in the direction of their dreams through transformational leadership. Interestingly too, there seem to be a point of convergence that characterize the seemingly varied motives, leadership style, and what could be seen as distinct set of attributions in the definitions of an entrepreneur and the self-actualizing individual. This possibility stems from the assumption that the quest for entrepreneurial success is more or less associated with the need for self actualization and forms the phenomena of interest this paper aims to explore with a view to establishing a meaningful convergence. Drawing from qualitative analysis of related literature and Abraham Maslow’s works in particular, effort has been made towards this end. The findings revealed a synchronized form of the phenomena with implications that resonate around Maslow’s Idea of Eupsychian Management with a recommendation for practical adoption of the concept.

This study examines the relationship between external environmental factors and failure of SMEs in Kano metropolis, using samples of failed SMEs in Kano metropolis. Questionnaire was used to collect primary data from the sampled failed SMEs using snow ball method. The data was analyzed using multiple regression technique and descriptive statistics in order to establish the significance of the estimated relationships. The outcome reveals that external environmental factors have significant impact on the failure of SMEs in Kano metropolis, and inadequate infrastructure (II) is the major contributing factor to the failure of SMEs in the Kano; followed by market competition (MC), market demographics (MD), and financial inadequacy (FI). In order to reduce SMEs failure and achieve significant positive contribution of SMEs sub-sector to the economic development of the state, the study recommends that government and relevant stakeholders should create an enabling business environment with adequate infrastructures, fear competition, sound market places and financial support.

Despite the relevance and adaptations of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) in Nigeria, the literature indicates very few studies have attempted to investigate the effect of IFRS adoption to the firm's performance, specifically, the relationship between IFRS adoption and liquidity performance of food and beverages listed companies in Nigeria. The literature suggests that there is not only limited information on the impact of IFRS adoption but also little research in this important area of study. Based on this information and research gab, the objective for the study is to investigate the effect of IFRS adoption on liquidity performance of food and beverages listed companies in Nigeria. By using Secondary data was collected from the annual reports of the sample companies. Multiple ordinary least square (OLS) regression was used to analyse the data collected from the audited financial statements of the sampled companies. IT test and J-T test were also applied to test for any significant increase in firm performance after the adoption of IFRS. The analysed result showed that there is significant relationship between IFRS adoption and liquidity performance of food and beverages companies listed in the NSE. The implication of this study is that, the practice of the adoption of IFRS should be given more emphasis by organisations in Nigeria. The finding of the study indicates that, organisations that adopt IFRS would be able to improve their liquidity performance.

The financial system of any economy is made up of its financial institution, financial instruments and financial regulators. However, the nature of the instruments, institutions and regulations depend on the economic system and philosophy prevailing in that economy. This chapter presents a simple and precise narrations on the meaning of financial instruments, their forms and characteristics, fundamental principles of Islamic finance as well as the similarities and differences between convention and Islamic financial instruments. A case study reflecting the core merits and pitfalls of financial instruments is presented to further press home the understanding of the topic. This piece is intended to provide readers with the basic understanding of issues raised.

Higher institutions the world over have the prime objective of imparting knowledge through teaching research and community service, since these institutions are labor intensive organizations, they can only achieve these objectives by paying adequate attention to human resource and its management as these are major determinants of organization success and performance (Abdulsalam & Mawoli, 2012). To effectively deliver these objectives, higher institutions of learning need effective job performance of academic staff in the areas of knowledge delivery, research and community services. Job performance will in turn bring about externalities in positive growth. Effective knowledge delivery for instance is expected to facilitate skill acquisition and entrepreneurship development which bring about poverty reduction in Nigeria. In addition, abundant research output will expand the frontiers of knowledge and accelerate social, economic, scientific and technological development of among other development in the country. Uzoka (2008) observes that academic institutions have constantly served as feeder institution in the overall development of nations through scientific research. Still academic staff community service engagements will develop engaged citizenship, foster civic responsibility, and contribute to the broader public good. Many factors can influence job performance of academic staff of higher institutions but Ngu (1998) observe that Motivation and ability are two key most important variables explaining employee performance. So, the performance of academic staff is not only function ability (qualification and competence) but also of motivation. Motivation as a concept, is concerned with the aspect of human life that energies propels and stimulates human beings to change behavior for the attainment of organizations goal/objectives, thereby achieving higher productivity (Ekere & Ugwu, 2011). Adeyemo (2002) views motivation as a positive attitude of worker towards his job and emotional state of mind from the views of one's job fulfilling. A multitude factors impact on academic staff motivation: working conditions, reward system, pay, and chance of promotion, achievement and prestigious position among others. Even within an organization, academic staff may demonstrate a diversity of personality. Some may show high performance by being given pay: others may eager to get recognized by management, colleague and society. Once organization show commitment to their employee, worker will in turn show positive attitude about their work, and the happier employee are with their job growth, the more motivated they will be.