The deep learning being a subcategory of the machine learning follows the human instincts of learning by example to produce accurate results. The deep learning performs training to the computer frame work to directly classify the tasks from the documents available either in the form of the text, image, or the sound. Most often the deep learning utilizes the neural network to perform the accurate classification and is referred as the deep neural networks; one of the most common deep neural networks used in a broader range of applications is the convolution neural network that provides an automated way of feature extraction by learning the features directly from the images or the text unlike the machine learning that extracts the features manually. This enables the deep learning neural networks to have a state of art accuracy that mostly expels even the human performance. So the paper is to present the survey on the deep learning neural network architectures utilized in various applications for having an accurate classification with an automated feature extraction.

No abstract

No abstract

Online abuse directed towards women on the social media platform Twitter has attracted considerable attention in recent years. An automated method to effectively identify misogynistic abuse could improve our understanding of the patterns, driving factors, and effectiveness of responses associated with abusive tweets over a sustained time period. However, training a neural network (NN) model with a small set of labelled data to detect misogynistic tweets is difficult. This is partly due to the complex nature of tweets which contain misogynistic content, and the vast number of parameters needed to be learned in a NN model. We have conducted a series of experiments to investigate how to train a NN model to detect misogynistic tweets effectively. In particular, we have customised and regularised a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture and shown that the word vectors pre-trained on a task-specific domain can be used to train a CNN model effectively when a small set of labelled data is available. A CNN model trained in this way yields an improved accuracy over the state-of-the-art models.

In this world of information and experience era, microblogging sites have been commonly used to express people feelings including fear, panic, hate and abuse. Monitoring and control of abuse on social media, especially during pandemics such as COVID-19, can help in keeping the public sentiment and morale positive. Developing the fear and hate detection methods based on machine learning requires labelled data. However, obtaining the labelled data in suddenly changed circumstances as a pandemic is expensive and acquiring them in a short time is impractical. Related labelled hate data from other domains or previous incidents may be available. However, the predictive accuracy of these hate detection models decreases significantly if the data distribution of the target domain, where the prediction will be applied, is different. To address this problem, we propose a novel concept of unsupervised progressive domain adaptation based on a deep-learning language model generated through multiple text datasets. We showcase the efficacy of the proposed method in hate speech and fear detection on the tweets collection during COVID-19 where the labelled information is unavailable.