Cyclopropenylidene 2a ++ 2b is of considerable theoretical interest"]. Until now, only the diphenyl[*] and bis(dia1-kylamino) derivatives[31 had been detected indirectly in trapping reactions. We report here the generation of cyclopropenylidene 2 by flash thermolysis and its matrix isolation. 2a b 34 5 tiThe quadricyclane derivative 114] was heated to 523 K under conditions of preparative vacuum flash pyrolysis at 1 torr. The products, which were trapped at 77 K, underwent exothermic polymerization upon thawing; in addition, benzene 3 was isolated in almost quantitative yield. If water was not completely excluded from the reaction, cyclopropenol 4 and dicyclopropenyl ether 5 were formed [']. This indicates that in the pyrolysis of 1 a C,H2-fragment having an intact cyclopropene ring is cleaved off.If the product of the pyrolysis is condensed with a large excess of argonL6] onto a window at 10 K immediately after it leaves the hot zone, the IR spectrum shows, apart from the bands from benzene, four additional absorptions (Table 1). Within the normal variations of calculations of this type (the calculated frequencies are ca. 10% too high), the frequencies and relative intensities are consistent with those of the four most intense IR bands predicted for 2['"]. Four other bands are too weak to be observed under our experimental conditions. The presence of cyclopropenylidene 2 is confirmed by the following experiment: Upon irradiation (A > 360 nm) of the matrix-isolated pyrolysis product of 1, only the four IR bands belonging to 2 disappear. Simultaneously, new absorptions at 3390,3366,412,405,261, and 248 cm-' appear, whose frequencies correspond to the known values for matrix-isolated propynylidene 6"l. The photolytic conversion of 2 into 6 can also be observed using ESR spectroscopy. In accord with the singlet ground-state of 2"], the ESR spectrum of the matrix-isolated product of pyrolysis exhibits no triplet signal. After irradiation, the known spectrum[" of the triplet carbene 6 is obtained, consistent with the results of IR studies.2 does not react when the matrix is tempered for several hours at 35-40 K. After evaporation of the argon, a brown, polymeric residue remains. Evidence for the formation of the interesting dimer of 2, 1,l-bicyclopropenylidene, could not be obtained.Summary: Cyclopropenylidene 2 is stable in an argon matrix at 10 K and has, as predicted"], a singlet groundstate. (1982) 801) flanged directly onto the vacuum shroud of the cryostat (Displex Closed Cycle Refrigerations System CSA 202, Air Products). 1 was cooled to 223 K in a flask attached directly to the pyrolysis tube lo-' torr), pyrolyzed at 820-Y20 K within 5 h, and condensed with a large excess of argon onto the C'sl window (10 K, distance from end to the hot zone ca. 5 cm).[7] C.
Cyclopropenyliden 2a ~f 2b ist von groBem theoretischem Interesse'll. Bisher war nur der indirekte Nachweis des Diphenyl-['l und des Bis(dialkylamin~)-Derivats~~~ durch Abfangreaktionen gelungen. Wir berichten uber die blitzthermolytische Eneugung und Matrixisolierung von Cyclopropenyliden 2.
Carbene Reactions, XIX. On the Thermolytic Behaviour of Quadricyclanone Imines The quadricyclanone imines 2 – 4 yield on vapor phase thermolysis benzene and nitriles, which are considered to be stabilisation products of the isonitriles formed initially.
Die Titelverbindung 4 sowie die Derivate 5 und 6 wurden dargestellt. Die erste Bande im UVSpektrum von 4 in n-Heptan zeigt eine hypsochrome Verschiebung um ca. 20 nm verglichen mit den Banden in 5 und 6. Modellrechnungen mit der CNDO/S-CI-Methode zeigen, daB sowohl diese hypsochrome Verschiebung als auch die bathochrome Verschiebung der entsprechenden Bande von 2 im Vergleich zu 3 nicht auf Spirokonjugation beruht. Die Thermolyse von 4 ergibt neben Benzol Heptafulvalen (15) und Fulvenallen (16). Diese Produkte machen eine Spaltung von 4 in Benzol und Cycloheptatrienyliden (14) wahrscheinlich. Bicyclofulvenes, XI1)On the Question of Spiroconjugation in Spiro[cycloheptatriene-7,7'-norbornadiene]The title compound 4 as well as the derivatives 5 und 6 have been prepared. The first band in the UV spectrum of 4 in n-heptane is blue-shifted by ca. 20 nm with respect to those of 5 and 6. Model calculations with the CNDO/S-CI method indicate that this hypsochromic shift as well as the bathochromic shift of the corresponding band of 2 relative to that of 3, cannot be explained by spiroconjugation. The thermolysis of 4 yields benzene, heptafulvalene (15), and fulveneallene (16). The latter products are probably derived from cycloheptatrienylidene (14) as an intermediate.Nach dem Konzept der Spirokonjugation2) konnen spiranartig verknupfte n-Teilsysteme, z. B. in 1, miteinander in Wechselwirkung treten. Eine Wechselwirkung ist allerdings nur zwischen solchen Orbitalen der z-Teilsysteme moglich, die hinsichtlich der beiden Ebenen m,, m2 die gleichen Symmetrieeigenschaften aufweisen.
7-Alkylidennorbornadiene 2 werden thermisch in einem Retro-Diels-Alder-Zerfall in ein Fulven und Acetylen gespalten. Ein abweichendes Verhalten -Spaltung in Benzol und ein Carbenfindet man bei solchen Derivaten von 2, die an C-8 eine 0 -oder x-Donor-Funktion besitzen. Die Abhangigkeit der Reaktionswege von der Natur der Substituenten an C-8 wird auf der Basis von MO-Uberlegungen diskutiert.Carbene Reactions, XVIII ' ) Thermal Behaviour of 7-Alkylidenebicyclo[2.2.llheptadiene Derivatives Thermolysis of 7-alkylidenenorbornadienes 2 results in a retro-Diels-Alder cleavage to fulvenes and acetylene. A different mode of cleavage -into benzene and a carbene -is observed with such derivatives of 2 which carry o-or n-donor functions at C-8. The dependence of the reaction pathways on the nature of the substituent at C-8 is discussed on the basis of MO-calculations.Norbornadienon (1) konnte bisher nicht isoliert werden, da es selbst bei tiefen Temperaturen spontan in Kohlenmonoxid und Benzol zerfallt '). Man kdnnte deswegen nach einem mechanistischen AnalogieschluB erwarten, daB 7-Alkylidenbicyclo[2.2. I]-heptadien-Derivate 2, wenn auch wohl bei haheren Temperaturen, entsprechend zerfallen. Insofern kdnnten die Verbindungen 2 potentielle Vorstufen zur Erzeugung von Alkyliden-Carbenen 3 sein (Weg (a)).Es stellte sich allerdings heraus, da8 dieser AnalogieschluB nur bedingte Giiltigkeit hat, da den 7-Alkylidennorbornadienen mindestens ein weiterer erlaubter Reaktionsweg offensteht: Die Cycloeliminierung von Acetylen in einer Retro-Diels-Alder-Reaktion (Weg (b)). Dies wurde bei der Thermolyse von 7-Methylennorb~rnadien~) (2a) deutlich. Thermolyse von 7-Meth ylennorbornadien (2 a)Die Blitztherrnoly~e~) von 2a bei 300-400°C in der Gasphase5) ergab in relativen Ausbeuten von 82-96% Fulven, 16-4% Benzol, sowie Acetylen, das qualitativ nachgewiesen" wurde. Diese Produktverteilung legt nahe, da0 bei der Thermolyse bei-0 VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, D
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