Three-dimensional suspension culture is a gravity-limited phenomenon. The balancing forces necessary to keep the aggregates in suspension increase directly with aggregate size. This leads to a self-propagating cycle of cell damage by balancing forces. Cell culture in microgravity avoids this trade-off. We determined which genes mediate three-dimensional culture of cell and tissue aggregates in the low-shear stress, low-turbulent environment of actual microgravity. Primary cultures of human renal cortical cells were flown on the space shuttle. Cells grown in microgravity and ground-based controls were grown for 6 days and fixed. RNA was extracted, and automated gene array analysis of the expression of 10, 000 genes was performed. A select group of genes were regulated in microgravity. These 1,632 genes were independent of known shear stress response element-dependent genes and heat shock proteins. Specific transcription factors underwent large changes in microgravity including the Wilms' tumor zinc finger protein, and the vitamin D receptor. A specific group of genes, under the control of defined transcription factors, mediate three-dimensional suspension culture under microgravity conditions.

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<em>The research was aimed to test the antioxidative activity of the buah merah oil from two cultivars Pandanus conoideus </em>L<em>; MTW-W and MMS-M. In vitro analysis the antioxidative activity of the buah merah oil was determinated using Thiobarbituric Acid test (TBA test). The research revealed that the buah merah oil from MTW-W cultivar produces highest antioxidative activity than MMS-M cultivar. The antioxidative activities of these two tested cultivars are 24 &ndash; 70% and 30 &ndash; 53%, respectively.</em>

Gen LDLR merupakan gen yang menyandi protein reseptor LDL yang berperan penting dalam pengaturan kadar kolesterol. Daerah 3’UTR merupakan daerah pengatur gen yang terletak pada bagian hilir dari urutan pengkodean protein. Daerah ini memiliki tingkat keragaman genetik yang tinggi yang dipertahankan selama proses evolusi melalui seleksi alam. Papua adalah salah satu wilayah di Indonesia yang memiliki keragaman suku yang tinggi, sehingga berpotensi memiliki keragaman genetik pada penduduknya. Walaupun demikian penelitian mengenai keragaman genetik pada penduduk Papua masih sangat sedikit, terutama yang terkait dengan daerah 3’UTR gen LDLR. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis keragaman genetik daerah 3’UTR gen LDLR pada 6 individu asal Papua. Tahapan penelitian meliputi ekstraksi DNA, amplifikasi menggunakan PCR untuk memperbanyak jumlah gen target, elektroforesis dan sekuensing untuk mengetahui urutan basa-basa nukelotida. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi adanya 2 SNP pada daerah 3’UTR dengan keragaman nukleotida (π) 0,00177. SNP yang teridentifikasi terletak pada posisi *52 dan *504. Haplotipe yang dihasilkan adalah GG dan AA dengan keragaman sebesar 0,533 ± 0,172. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetik dari individu asal Papua adalah rendah.

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