The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissue section is the cornerstone of anatomical pathology diagnosis. The H&E procedure stains the nucleus and cytoplasm contrasting colors to readily differentiate cellular components. However, staining results are dependent on proper specimen processing, which involves tissue preservation, dehydration, clearing, and paraffin infiltration. While improvements in instrumentation for both tissue processing and staining have been beneficial, limitations in the chemical reagents used must always be considered.

1. When feeding on figs (Ficus insipida), the bat Artibeus jamaicensis increases dietary sodium density while decreasing potassium density by primarily extracting and ingesting pulp juices rather than other parts of the fruit. 2. Based on urine osmotic pressure, these bats are uniformly dehydrated when they leave day roosts and become rapidly rehydrated (0.5-1 hr) after initiation of feeding. 3. After 2000 hr, and throughout the night there is no difference in urine concentration of free-flying bats compared with bats held in the laboratory without food or water for the same time interval. 4. Mean maximum urine concentration in this species is 972 mOsm/kg.

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There are two types of granular glands in the skin of leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). Cellular glands produce fine inbacellular granules rich in carbohydrate, carboxylic acids, tyrosine and sulfur-containing amino acids. Luminal glands consist of peripherally located nuclei with scant cytoplasm. Fine granular material in these glands resembles cellular gland secretion, except that the carbohydrate is less susceptible to periodate oxidation and that a diphenol (DOPA?) is present instead of tyrosine. The prominent lumen contains large granules composed of phospholipoprotein, and are also rich in primary catecholamine and a sulfur-containing amino acid. There was no evidence of 5-hydroxytryptamine or steroids.

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