Context: Spiritual experiences can be confused with psychotic and dissociative symptoms, providing it is frequently a challenge for the differential diagnosis. Objective: To identify criteria to allow the elaboration of a differential diagnosis between spiritual experiences and psychotic and dissociative disorders. Methods: It was made a wide revision in the literature about the theme, in which 135 articles identified in the research in PubMed were examined. Results: Nine criteria were identified for a greater agreement among the researchers that could indicate an appropriate distinction between spiritual experiences and psychotic and dissociative disorders. They are, in relation to the lived experience: lack of psychological suffering, absence of social and occupational impairments, short duration of the experience, critical attitude (to have doubts about the reality of the experience), compatibility with the patient's cultural or religious group, no co-morbidities, control over the experience, personal growth along the time and an attitude to help the other ones. The presence of those conditions suggests a not pathological spiritual experience, but, on the other hand, there is lack of well controlled studies testing these criteria. Discussion: These criteria proposed in the literature, although reaching an expressive consensus among different researchers, still needs to be tested empirically, and methodological directions for future researches about this theme are suggested. Menezes Júnior A, Moreira-Almeida A / Rev Psiq Clín. 2009;36(2):69-76Keywords: Hallucination, dissociation, possession, trance. ResumoContexto: Experiências espirituais podem ser confundidas com sintomas psicóticos e dissociativos, constituindo-se muitas vezes em um desafio para o diagnóstico diferencial. Objetivo: Identificar critérios que permitam a elaboração de um diagnóstico diferencial entre experiências espirituais e transtornos psicóticos e dissociativos. Métodos: Foi feita uma ampla revisão na literatura sobre o tema, na qual foram examinados 135 artigos identificados em pesquisa no PubMed. Resultados: Foram identificados nove critérios de maior concordância entre os pesquisadores que poderiam indicar uma adequada diferenciação entre experiências espirituais e transtornos psicóticos e dissociativos. São eles, em relação à experiência vivida: ausência de sofrimento psicológico, ausência de prejuízos sociais e ocupacionais, duração curta da experiência, atitude crítica (ter dúvidas sobre a realidade objetiva da vivência), compatibilidade com o grupo cultural ou religioso do paciente, ausência de comorbidades, controle sobre a experiência, crescimento pessoal ao longo do tempo e uma atitude de ajuda aos outros. A presença dessas condições sugere uma experiência espiritual não patológica, mas, por outro lado, há carência de estudos bem controlados testando esses critérios. Conclusões: Esses critérios propostos na literatura, embora alcançando um consenso expressivo entre 84Menezes Júnior A, Moreira-Almeida A / Rev Psiq Clín. 2...
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