The etiology and histogenesis of granular cell tumor are still debated. Granular cell tumor of the newborn is considered to be a different entity than the adult form of this lesion with different immunohistochemical features. We present a case of a rare gingival granular cell tumor in a newborn and review the literature. Gingival granular cell tumor must be clinically differentiated from teratoma, congenital dermoid cyst, congenital fibrosarcoma, hemangioma, lymphangioma, leiomyoma, rhabdomyoma, heterotopic gastrointestinal cyst, congenital cystic choristoma and congenital lipoma. Surface ulceration or pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia may lead to confusion with malignancy.

Although microsurgical techniques have been accepted routinely in many plastic surgical operations, many experimental studies are currently being conducted to refine the results. Most of these studies are difficult to perform and evaluate and the results are not always free of bias. Many scientific disciplines recently use the mathematics for simulation and modeling to predict the results of difficult experiments. Slit and hole end-to-side microanastomosis techniques are frequently preferred by many microsurgeons. Diamond technique recently proposed by the senior author is also a technique of end-to-side anastomosis with some advantages. The authors used mathematical simulation and modeling to compare two end-to-side microanastomosis techniques namely hole and diamond. The authors measured cross sectional areas of anastomosis in both techniques with different input data. The results showed that for end-to-side anastomosis, at angles less than 60 degrees , diamond technique yields a greater cross sectional area at anastomosis site compared with that of hole technique.

Non-neoplastic cysts of the submandibular gland are rare. They are usually seen as mucocele, ranula, epidermal cysts and inflammatory cysts. It is important to consider all of these in the diagnostic process because of their similarity with neoplastic and developmental cysts of the neck. A case of epidermal cyst of the right submandibular gland, in 23-year-old woman, with fine needle aspiration cytology image is presented.

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor of the salivary glands. They are usually composed of epithelial/myoepithelial cells and chondromyxoid stroma. Extensive lipomatous differentiation is very rare. We report a case of lipomatous pleomorphic adenoma (LPA) that presented with a mass in the hard palate of a 32-year-old woman. The fine-needle aspiration cytology material was reported as benign cytology consistent with adenoma with major adipocytic component. Histopathological examination of the excision material displayed that more than 90% of the tumor was adipocytic in texture, containing scant epithelial and myoepithelial cells and chondromyxoid stromal fragments. Preoperative cytodiagnosis of lipomatous pleomorphic adenoma on FNA is based on cytomorphology intimately associated pleomorphic adenomatous and lipomatous tissue elements. LPA should be on the mental list of the (cyto)pathologist in differential diagnosis of lipomatous tumors or non-tumorous lipomatosis or carcinoma invasion in the adipose tissue of the minor salivary gland of the hard palate.

BACKGROUNDThe aim of the presented study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of diltiazem on the microcirculation of the tissue flaps created in the delay phenomenon applied rabbits. METHODSThe experiment was performed in