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This paper explores the age variations in origin-destination migration data from the 2001 UK Census. It does so using a national district classifi cation as a framework for summarising what is a series of matrices, each containing very large numbers of cells. The results demonstrate how migration propensities and patterns vary between different types of district, providing new insights into the processes through which the population is redistributed throughout GreatBritain.

A large evidence base demonstrates that the outcomes of COVID-19 and national and local interventions are not distributed equally across different communities. The need to inform policies and mitigation measures aimed at reducing the spread of COVID-19 highlights the need to understand the complex links between our daily activities and COVID-19 transmission that reflect the characteristics of British society. As a result of a partnership between academic and private sector researchers, we introduce a novel data driven modelling framework together with a computationally efficient approach to running complex simulation models of this type. We demonstrate the power and spatial flexibility of the framework to assess the effects of different interventions in a case study where the effects of the first UK national lockdown are estimated for the county of Devon. Here we find that an earlier lockdown is estimated to result in a lower peak in COVID-19 cases and 47% fewer infections overall during the initial COVID-19 outbreak. The framework we outline here will be crucial in gaining a greater understanding of the effects of policy interventions in different areas and within different populations.

This paper presents a new spatial interaction modelling framework for estimating subnational, international migration flows within Europe. We introduce a several-stage model which incorporates constraints at two geographical levels and produces estimates for a full matrices of interregional flows which adhere to known flows between countries in the EU system between 2002 and 2007. It is shown that internal migration data can be usefully employed to help distribute flows subnationally both through in-migration and out-migration distributions and through calibrated distance-decay parameters. Validation of the model outputs is achieved, in part, through comparison with national insurance number registration data from the UK.

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