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Economically important plants contain large amounts of inulin. Disposal of waste resulting from their processing presents environmental issues. Finding microorganisms capable of converting inulin waste to biofuel and valuable co-products at the processing site would have significant economic and environmental impact. We evaluated the ability of two mutant strains of Kluyveromyces marxianus (Km7 and Km8) to utilize inulin for ethanol production. In glucose medium, both strains consumed all glucose and produced 0.40 g ethanol/g glucose at 24 h. In inulin medium, Km7 exhibited maximum colony forming units (CFU)/mL and produced 0.35 g ethanol/g inulin at 24 h, while Km8 showed maximum CFU/mL and produced 0.02 g ethanol/g inulin at 96 h. At 24 h in inulin + glucose medium, Km7 produced 0.40 g ethanol/g (inulin + glucose) and Km8 produced 0.20 g ethanol/g (inulin + glucose) with maximum CFU/mL for Km8 at 72 h, 40 % of that for Km7 at 36 h. Extracellular inulinase activity at 6 h for both Km7 and Km8 was 3.7 International Units (IU)/mL.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10295-016-1771-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Collaborative watershed management incorporates a number of recent innovations in natural resource management, from ecosystem-based management to adaptive co-management of social-ecological systems. Facing jurisdictional barriers to compliance with landmark federal environmental laws, state governments in the Pacific region embraced collaborative watershed management to simultaneously address diffused water pollution and habitat loss on private land. Collaborative watershed management functions by leveraging local social capital through monetary and nonmonetary incentives, enabling the application of common property regimes to multi-owner landscapes. Here, I describe the historical development of state watershed management frameworks in the Pacific region of the United States. Results indicate that federal financial incentives enabled states to establish unique watershed management frameworks to improve compliance with federal environmental law. I suggest that nested localized institutional design is an effective method of implementing adaptive co-management across socially and ecologically diverse landscapes.The coupled management of land and water resources along hydrologically defined boundaries expanded globally throughout the 20th century. While basin planning is an engineering-based, centralized approach to regional economic development and flood management, collaborative watershed management is an inclusive, integrated, and comprehensive approach to adaptive co-management. While the foundational ideas behind basin planning extend back to ancient fluvial societies (Kenney 1999), collaborative watershed management is rooted in more recent theories surrounding game theory (