Background: The main aim of this study is to analyze the influence of the external load on the reaction time of the lower limbs of mixed martial arts fighters. Material and methods: The research group consisted of 31 senior MMA fighters (with training experience of at least 10 years, divided into two weight categories: light (66-70 kg) and heavy (over 93 kg) and each of them into two categories: intermediate and advanced). The Keizer Leg Press pneumatic device (Keizer, Fresno, CA, USA) was used to evaluate the reaction time of the lower limbs of MMA fighters. The subjects performed a 20-minute warm-up and then worked on the Keizer Leg Press measuring device according to the manufacturer's protocol. Based on this data, a 10 single repetitions test was performed. The value of the external resistance and the time to the next repetition were not changed to obtain the measurement data. Results: The obtained results indicate a constant deterioration of the value of the RTLBL and RTLL variable when increasing the external load in both studied groups. In the case of advanced players in the 66-70 kg weight group, a clear (statistically significant) increase in the value of the RTLBL and RTLL variable occurred from 70% 1RM, while in the intermediate group it was from 50% 1RM, and from 80% 1RM in the weight category above 93 in both study groups. Growth dynamics was lower in the advanced group in both tested weight categories. Conclusions: Performing the progression of the external load may allow the detection of the dominance of one lower limb and determination of the dynamics of differences in the reaction time of the frontal and back limb in MMA fighters.

This study aimed to analyse the effect of neurofeedback (NFB) training based on beta-wave amplification and theta-wave inhibition on the visual processing efficiency of judo athletes. The study examined 12 male athletes from the national team of the Polish Judo Association. Participants were divided into the experimental (EG, n = 6) and the control group (CG, n = 6). The NFB training protocol was performed and recorded using a Deymed Truscan system with 24 active channels. The effect of NFB training was examined by computer-based simple and complex reaction tests and selected tests of the Vienna Test System (VST). One – way ANOVA showed statistically significant differences between the CG and the EG in theta and beta values after the first and the second cycle of training. There were statistically significant differences between the CG and the EG in the results of reaction speed tests after individual cycles of training. The highest reduction in simple reaction time was obtained after the second training cycle, when training was performed every second day and lasted four minutes.

Many researchers have unequivocally demonstrated that water of higher pH has a positive effect on the human body. In terms of undertaken research, the adjustment of acid-base balance during anaerobic effort, a decrease in the concentration of free radicals as well as the improvement of connective tissue condition is of primary importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate an influence of high alkaline water consumption on anaerobic performance and acid-base balance in professional basketball players. There was evaluating changes in parameters of blood and urine in laboratory tests (pH, pCO 2 , pO 2 , HCO 3 act, HCO 3 std, BE (ecf), BE(B), O 2 std, and ctCO 2 ). The group of fourteen adults male underwent in two experimental trials, before and after six weeks hydration tested water. Statistical analysis of blood tests showed that after ingestion of alkaline water there was a significant increase of blood pH at rest and after anaerobic exercise. The same results were obtained in urine tests, respectively 1.30 in rest and 0.93 after physical examination. The results of the specific anaerobic endurance test revealed a significant difference in performance between the tests performed after hydrating with highly alkaline water in comparison to table water. The average improvement of results equaled 0.71s. (p = 0.03). In conclusion the athletes hydrated with alkaline water showed a positive impact on acid-base balance with a significant increase of blood and urine pH. The daily intake of 2.5 -3.0 l of highly alkalized water delay in muscular acidosis during anaerobic exercise, as well as prevention of dehydration, and faster recovery.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare the impact of a 6-week program combined with football training and strength training on strength and power parameters in highly trained soccer players. It was hypothesized that 6 weeks would be enough for the experimental group to improve their jumping ability and pushing power. Material and methods: The study involved 34 female footballers playing in Ekstraliga (age: 22 ± 5 years; body height: 167 ± 5 cm; body weight: 60 ± 8 kg). The contestants were divided into an experimental group and a control group of 17 people in each group. The control group performed football trainings combined with 2 additional strength units (50% 1RM load) 3 times a week. The experimental group, apart from football trainings, additionally performed 2 strength trainings per week (50–85% 1RM load). Results: The results of the experiment show a significant improvement in the height of the vertical jump and bench press while sitting in the experimental group CMJ (p <0.05; p = 0.000029; ES: 1.00; 11%), CMJA (p <0.05; p = 0 00003; ES = 1.09; 13%), and LP (p <0.05; p = 0.027681; ES = 0.48; 6%), while in the control group the changes in the results after the training program were statistically insignificant CMJ (p> 0.05; p = 0.274000; ES: 0.07, 1%), CMJA (p> 0.05; p = 0.350958 ES = 0.27, 3%), and LP (p> 0.05; p = 0.130153; ES = 0.27; 4%). Conclusion: The presented research results suggest that a short, six-week training program including general football training and strength training performed twice a week with loads gradually increasing during the preparatory period may significantly improve the strength and jumping parameters of the lower limbs in soccer players. Such information can be valuable at the stage of training in the field of special skills training in football.

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