Background: Water is a resource that is both invaluable and vital to the existence of all living organisms, but this valued resource is increasingly being threatened as human populations grow and demand more water of high quality for domestic purposes and economic activities. The conducted research was aimed to assessing bacteriological quality of sachet water samples sealed and sold and consumed in some Local Governments. Methods: The bacteriological quality assessment of sachet water samples were determined by Aerobic Plate Count (APC), test for Coliforms and Biochemical Test (IMViC). The tests were preceded by staining technique. Moreover, the Aerobic Plate Count results revealed various values (CFU)/100ml of water samples collected and examined. Results: Going by zero tolerance levels stipulated by regulatory agencies for coliforms in drinking water, a cumulative figure of twenty five percent (25%) meets the standards of drinking water quality and subsequent percentages were satisfactory, suspicious as well as unsatisfactory which were in conformity with that of world health organization, 2010. The total percentage of good sachet water samples based on this research was 90% and that of bad samples was 10% as indicated. It revealed the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the sample waters. Conclusion: It has been concluded that most sachets water samples sold and consumed in Kano metropolis conformed with world health organiztion (WHO) recommended standards for potable water and the consumption of some sachet waters whose values are either above or below WHO and SON permissible limit may pose health hazards to the consumers.

One of the serious problems affecting the environment nowadays is petroleum hydrocarbon contaminations resulting from the activities in the oil and gas sector, these include: oil-spill, tank leakage, lubrication, petroleum exploitation, transportation, and services. Various techniques including mechanical and chemical methods have been employed for the bioremediation and degradation of hydrocarbons pollutants from the environments, however, some of these methods are generally expensive and may have detrimental effects on the environment, hence bioremediation is the alternative solution to hydrocarbon pollutants. Among microorganisms used in bioremediation technology nowadays, fungi are efficient, reliable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly that can be used to cleanup and detoxify hydrocarbons contaminants from the environment viz; soil, water, and sediments. Bioremediation using fungi ensures the complete degradation and mineralization of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants into carbon dioxide, water, inorganic compounds, and cell biomass. This review focuses on the potentials of fungi in the bioremediation of total petroleum hydrocarbons including the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We reviewed and discussed current approaches in the bioremediation of hydrocarbon including the mechanisms of fungal bioremediation of hydrocarbon, which involves biosurfactants production and the use of fungal enzymes in the degradation of hydrocarbon pollutants. In general, fungi are more efficient and effective in the removal of hydrocarbon contaminants from the environments viz., water, soil, and sediments. However, the potentiality of fungi has not been exploited fully, hence further studies are recommended especially in the current genomic and proteomic era.

Aim: A bacteriological analysis of four selected street vended fried ready-to-eat food types (Yam, sweet Potato, Akara and Masa) sold freely and openly at various location in Wudil town along Maiduguri road Kano, Nigeria was conducted from April, 2017 to August, 2017. Methodology: The food samples collected were cultured on a Nutrient agar and MacConkey agar plates for isolation and identified using gram staining and motility test and subsequently subjected to various biochemical tests which include; catalase, coagulase, indole, methyl red, Voges -Proskauer, citrate utilisation urease and oxidase tests. Results: From the total of 200 samples examined, 183 (91.5%) were contaminated by different bacterial agents, total of 191 bacterial isolates were recovered, in which 89(46.6%) were Staphylococcus aureus, 45(23.6%) Escherichia coli, 38(19.9%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 19(9.9%) Klebsiella pneumoneae but statistically there is a significant difference (p < 0.05). Analysis of the food samples revealed mean total bacterial count ranging from 1.6 x 10 3 cfu/g

Background: Series of more than 35 proteins facilitated a major role in fighting the foreign invaders in human body and other warm blooded animals, those named complement system. Methods: Total of 147 human serum were collected from asymptomatic volunteers by venipuncture, their sero groups were determined by reverse blood grouping method. Strain of Salmonella typhi (S. Typhi) were collected from Wudil general hospital and identified molecularly at center of biotechnological research of Bayero University, Kano. Serum bactericidal assay was done at microbiology laboratory of Wudil general hospital. Data obtained was subjected to two way ANOVA and considered significant at p<0.05. Results: Complement dependent pathways shows a more than 50% kills, in which both A, AB, B and O kill percent were 74.98%, 67.87%, 78.53% and 78.60% respectively, however, no statistical significant difference. While the non-complement dependent pathways revealed kills percentage of 59.27%, 57.86%, 59.21% and 58.60% for A, AB, B and O sero groups, also no significant statistical difference. Moreover, in comparing the complement and non-complement dependent pathways, data analysis shows a significant difference with p values of 0.001, 0.003, 0.006 and 0.0008 for A, AB, B and O sero groups respectively. Conclusion: We concluded that, ABO sero-groups and complement system plays an important role as infection determinants, where AB sero-group have more chances to S. Typhi infection than other sero-groupings. This study suggests that the effect of many host genetic parameters on treatment of microorganisms needs to be further studied.

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