One of the major issues in current routing and MAC layers protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is the high energy resources consumed for process of route discovery and collision avoidance respectively. Proper use of location information and dynamically adjustment of intermediate nodes' retransmission probabilities adopted by a number of algorithms contribute to a reduction in the number of retransmissions and consequently reduce bandwidth and power consumption, but this feat was achieved at a price on network reachability. Many other efforts were made to achieve greater power conservation by many authors. This paper reviewed some current literatures that were proposed to improve the energy conservation in MANET at both MAC and routing layers, it also highlight the performance demands required of these protocols to assist researcher in MANET energy conservation as a good starting point for developing energy conservation algorithm.

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In this paper we presents a performance comparison of Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad hoc On Demand Vector (AODV), Cluster Based Routing Protocol (CBRP) and Improved Cluster Based Routing Protocol (i-CBRP) routing protocols which builds upon a cluster based wireless network infrastructure. This evaluation is necessary due to unique enhancement made to traditional CBRP by way of implementing congestion control scheme as part of the structure establishing i-CBRP. First, we introduce the network infrastructure on which the routing protocols are to send packets. We simulates Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) network infrastructure using NS2 network simulator. DSR, AODV, CBRP and i-CBRP routing protocols are implemented to generate various simulation results. The results shows that i-CBRP performs better in terms of average packet delay, throughput, volume of traffic controls and average packet delivery ratio when compared with CBRP, while DSR performs better in terms of total volume of control traffic. AODV is the overall best in terms of average packet delay.