A Survey of Energy-aware Routing protocols in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks: Trends and Challenges

Abstract

One of the major issues in current routing and MAC layers protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is the high energy resources consumed for process of route discovery and collision avoidance respectively. Proper use of location information and dynamically adjustment of intermediate nodes' retransmission probabilities adopted by a number of algorithms contribute to a reduction in the number of retransmissions and consequently reduce bandwidth and power consumption, but this feat was achieved at a price on network reachability. Many other efforts were made to achieve greater power conservation by many authors. This paper reviewed some current literatures that were proposed to improve the energy conservation in MANET at both MAC and routing layers, it also highlight the performance demands required of these protocols to assist researcher in MANET energy conservation as a good starting point for developing energy conservation algorithm.

REFRAHN: A Resilience Evaluation Framework for Ad Hoc Routing Protocols

“…In evolving dynamic scenarios, more effective procedures are required to protect paths with minimal effect on the perceived quality [3]. In addition, the battery lifetime of mobile devices defies our ability to define secure and efficient low energy consumption routing protocols [4]. Despite the importance of providing solutions to face these issues, such efforts will remain questionable in practice while suitable techniques to guarantee persistent routing in spite of changes (also referred to as resilience) in their implementations remain unavailable [5].…”

Secure Routing Protocol Using Cross-Layer Design and Energy Harvesting in Wireless Sensor Networks

“…In WSN more energy is used in data transmission from source to multihop away destination. is is the reason; energy-efficient routing is always desirable in such kind of networks [5]. Energy efficiency can be achieved by utilizing clustering mechanism in WSN.…”

An Evaluation of Improved Cluster-Based Routing Protocol in Adhoc Wireless Network

“…Most often, ad-hoc nodes are powered by batteries. Consequently, these nodes quickly get exhausted during data traffic if no efficient power consumption techniques are adopted for these autonomous mobile nodes (Mohsin et al, 2012).…”

“…In recent times, there has been an amplified attention in wireless ad-hoc networking research (Alotaibi & Mukherjee, 2012;Mohsin, Bakar, Adekiigbe, & Gafoor, 2012, Ali. S. et al, 2015.…”