We explore dynamic non-stationarity panel data estimators namely, mean group (MG) and pooled mean group (PMG) for investigating the extent to which trade policies such as trade liberalisation and tariff rates matter to trade performance using the case of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).We found that increasing tariffs has the potential of particularly worsening export growth in SSA but increasing openness via liberalisation policy is likely to spur decline in the import dependence of the SSA economy. Thus, we concluded that while trade liberalisation seems to exhibit no significant impact on export growth in SSA, the same policy may yet be explored to encourage decline in the region's import activities, particularly those import activities that might threaten the growth of domestic industries.

Using quarterly data between 1981q1 and 2018q4, the paper investigates the relationship between trade liberalization and economic growth in Nigeria. Exploring Johnasen cointegration technique and the Vector Error Correction (VEC) method, the paper considers three alternative measures of trade liberalization to determine whether the response of economic growth to trade liberalization is sensitive to the choice of the indicators of trade liberalization under consideration. The paper finds significant effects of trade liberalization on the economy. The paper recommends that government should implement policies that will promote trade openness in Nigeria. This may be achieved by establishing bilateral and multi-lateral agreements that are favourable and that will support appropriate technology transfer to domestic producers. JEL classification numbers: F31, F13, F41. Keywords: Trade liberalization, Tariffs, Economic growth, Nigeria.

Nigerian government has put in considerable effort at improve bilateral relation in the economy; its net effect is yet unclear. This raises concerns about the tradeoff benefit between trade openness as a proxy to globalization and contributions to the manufacturing output in Nigeria. This study examines the impact of globalization on manufacturing output in Nigeria. Using structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) approaches, from 2010Q1 to 2018Q4, the findings reveal that manufacturing output and transportation responded significantly to the foreign shocks emanating from globalization. The study established that the manufacturing output reacted negatively to exchange rate fluctuations, implying that exchange rate is very important to manufacturing sector in Nigeria. On the same vein, transportation, financial integration and globalization respectively were affected positively and significantly by exchange rate fluctuations to manufacturing sector.

Motivated by the increasing evidence of oil price-related transition risk from climate change, we employ the classic GARCH (1,1) and its extended variant (GARCH-X) to identify the degree of oil market volatility that is due to climate risk. We find that climate risk increases the persistence of volatility in the oil markets.