The Internet of Things (IoT) is the result of the convergence of sensing, computing, and networking technologies, allowing devices of varying sizes and computational capabilities (things) to intercommunicate. This communication can be achieved locally enabling what is known as edge and fog computing, or through the well‐established Internet infrastructure, exploiting the computational resources in the cloud. The IoT paradigm enables a new breed of applications in various areas including health care, energy management and smart cities. This paper starts off with reviewing these applications and their potential benefits. Challenges facing the realization of such applications are then discussed. The sheer amount of data stemmed from devices forming the IoT requires new data mining systems and techniques that are discussed and categorized later in this paper. Finally, the paper is concluded with future research directions. This article is categorized under: Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Big Data Mining Application Areas > Health Care Application Areas > Industry Specific Applications

Abstract-Routing is a critical issue in MANET and therefore, this is the focus of this paper, along with the performance analysis of its routing protocols. In this paper the performance of four MANET routing protocols (AODV, DSR, OLSR and GRP) are compared. To evaluate and validate the performance of these protocols, a feasibility study in the form of simulations were carried out. In these experiments, the four protocols were tested under different scenarios and circumstances using a simulation tool called OPNET. The performance of these routing protocols is analyzed based on two performance metrics: delay and through put. The simulation results have shown that on average, under heavy FTP traffic condition, the OLSR protocol outperforms the other three protocols with respect to the mentioned metrics under two scenarios (20 and 80 mobile nodes) that have been created in OPNET. Index Terms-FTP, MANET, OPNET, routing protocols. I. INTRODUCTIONThe emergence of wireless networks has gone a long way in solving the growing service demands. The focus of research and development endeavor has almost shifted from wired networks to wireless networks. The limitations of wireless network techniques such as high error rate, power restrictions, bandwidth limitations and other constraints have not deterred the growth of wireless networks [1]. Mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET) is one of the most demanding field in the area of wireless network MANET consist of mobile devices or users which are generally known as nodes, and each one of which is equipped with a radio transmitter and a receiver [2]. MANET is a temporary network of wireless mobile nodes which has no fixed infrastructure. There are no dedicated routers, servers, access points, base stations and cables [3]. The mobile nodes which are within each other's transmission range can communicate with each other directly; or else, other nodes in between can forward the packets if the source and the destination node are -out‖ of each other's range. Every node acts as a router to forward the packets to other nodes whenever required [4]. One of the main areas of research is the packet routing technology, which is the focus of this paper.Mobile ad-hoc network is -infrastructure-less networks‖ Manuscript received October 21, 2015; revised December 25, 2015. This work was fully funded by the University of Benghazi through the Faculty of Information Technology research budget. The authors would like to thank the staff at computer networks lab for their support and assistance with this project.The authors are with the Benghazi University, Libya (e-mail: a.aneiba@uob.edu.ly, m.melad@uob.edu.ly).having nodes which can act as a transmitter, router or receiver. MANETs have a dynamic topology where nodes are mobile. To monitor the workings of these nodes and the nature in which they behave while sending, receiving or forwarding data is classified by a set of rules known as routing protocols [5].In this paper, four major MANET routing protocols (AODV, DSR, OLSR and GRP) have been evaluated. The e...

With the unprecedented technological advances witnessed in the last two decades, more devices are connected to the Internet, forming what is called the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT devices with heterogeneous characteristics and the quality of experience (QoE) requirements may engage in the dynamic spectrum market due to the scarcity of radio resources. We propose a framework to efficiently quantify and supply radio resources to the IoT devices by developing intelligent systems. The primary goal of this paper is to study the characteristics of the next generation of cellular networks with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to enable connectivity to clustered IoT devices. First, we demonstrate how the distribution and QoE requirements of IoT devices impact the required number of radio resources in real time. Second, we prove that using an extended auction algorithm by implementing a series of complementary functions enhance the radio resource utilization efficiency. The results show a substantial reduction in the number of sub-carriers required when compared with conventional OMA and the intelligent clustering is scalable and adaptable to the cellular environment. Ability to move spectrum usages from one cluster to other clusters after borrowing when a cluster has fewer users or move out of the boundary is another soft feature that contributes to the reported radio resource utilization efficiency. Moreover, the proposed framework provides IoT service providers cost estimation to control their spectrum acquisition to achieve the required quality of service with a guaranteed bit rate (GBR) and non-GBR.

Internet of Things (IoT) is characterized as one of the leading actors for the next evolutionary stage in the computing world. IoT-based applications have already produced a plethora of novel services and are improving the living standard by enabling innovative and smart solutions. However, along with its rapid adoption, IoT technology also creates complex challenges regarding the management of IoT networks due to its resource limitations (computational power, energy, and security). Hence, it is urgently needed to refine the IoT-based application's architectures to robustly manage the overall IoT infrastructure. Software-defined networking (SDN) has emerged as a paradigm that offers software-based controllers to manage hardware infrastructure and traffic flow on a network effectively. SDN architecture has the potential to provide efficient and reliable IoT network management. This research provides a comprehensive survey investigating the published studies on SDN-based frameworks to address IoT management issues in the dimensions of fault tolerance, energy management, scalability, load balancing, and security service provisioning within the IoT networks. We conducted a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on the research studies (published from 2010 to 2022) focusing on SDN-based IoT management frameworks. We provide an extensive discussion on various aspects of SDN-based IoT solutions and architectures. We elaborate a taxonomy of the existing SDN-based IoT frameworks and solutions by classifying them into categories such as network function virtualization, middleware, OpenFlow adaptation, and blockchain-based management. We present the research gaps by identifying and analyzing the key architectural requirements and management issues in IoT infrastructures. Finally, we highlight various challenges and a range of promising opportunities for future research to provide a roadmap for addressing the weaknesses and identifying the benefits from the potentials offered by SDN-based IoT solutions.

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