Introduction: Subtle neurocognitive deficits have been recently observed in Acute Lym-phoblastic Leukemia (ALL) survivors.Aim: We aim to assess the neurocognitive functions of ALL survivors who had been treated with chemotherapy only using two different protocols, and to identify treatment-related risk factors.Patients and Methods: We carried a multicenter study involving 3 pediatric oncology centers on 100 children who were treated for ALL. Fifty patients were treated by the modified Children’s Cancer Group (CCG) 1991 protocol with low dose methotrexate and 50 children were treated by Total XV protocol with high dose methotrexate. Fifty healthy children were included as a control group. Psy-chometric assessment using Arabic version of Wechsler intelligence scale for children (WISC III) was performed for all patients and controls.Results: Patients had significantly lower mean full scale IQ, performance IQ and verbal IQ than con-trols. Patients ≤ 5 years at diagnosis had significantly lower mean full scale IQ and performance IQ than patients>5 years at diagnosis, while the verbal IQ showed no significant difference between both age groups. Female patients had significantly lower mean full scale IQ, performance IQ and verbal IQthan males. Patients who received Total XV protocol with high dose methotrexate had significantly lower mean full scale IQ, performance IQ and verbal IQ than patients who received modified CCG 1991 protocol with low dose methotrexate.Conclusions: CNS directed chemotherapy might appear to affect neurocognitive functions in chil-dren with ALL, which is more significant in young children at diagnosis, in girls and in those receiv-ing high dose methotrexate.

A pertinent issue in the administration of pneumonic contaminations is the low explicitness of clinical side effects for the specific determination and the need of anti-infection treatment. A perfect biomarker for bacterial pneumonic diseases ought to permit a quick conclusion, have a prognostic esteem and encourage restorative dynamic.. The mix of a few biomarkers reflecting distinctive pathophysiological pathways can possibly improve the administration of network gained pneumonia later on. I-Inclusion criteriaAll enrolled patients were:  Admitted in pediatric ward and PICU aged between 1 month and18 years old (both males and females).  Children with diagnosis of pneumonia. II-Exclusion criteriaAny patient was excluded from this study if:  Children with any chronic chest illness other than pneumonia .  patients with renal impairment.  Patients with liver impairment.  patients below one month and above 18 years. Study50 children aged from 2 months to 18 years with mean age (54.32± 39.53 (4-120) They were 28 males (56%) and 22 females(44%).Parental consent was granted in all cases and two children died after examination.Their diagnosis based on clinical, laboratory, radiological evaluation. MethodsAll studied patients have been subjected to the following: Demographic data including: I-Full history taking in the form of applied questionnaire includin Sample  Personal history: age, sex, residence.  Onset, duration of illness.  Presenting symptoms: fever, cough, tachypnea, cyanosis, recurrent attacks and congenital anomalies .  Medication received  Outcome 142 Copeptin as an Inflammatory Marker in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Community Acquired Benha Journal Of Applied Sciences, Vol.(5) Issue(5) Part (1) (2020) II -Full clinical examination in the form of:- General examination  General look Vital signs Temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, capillary refill Oxygen saturation Anthropometric measurements (Head circumference, weight, height)  Systemic examination for  Cardiac systemInspection and palpation to detect the presence of pericardial bulge, pulsations and to examine apex.Auscultation: for heart sounds and audible murmur. Respiratory system Inspection: to detect retractions, chest movements and signs of respiratory distress.  palpation: for tracheal shift and palpable ronchi.  Auscultation: for air entry , breath sounds and advential sound(fine crepitations and wheez) Neurological examination  Assessment of conscious level by Galscow coma scale.  Examination of muscle power, tone and reflexes. Abdominal examination  Inspection: for abdominal distention  Palpation: for organomegaly (hepatomegaly and/ or splenomegaly)  Percussion: for ascites.  Auscultation: for intestinal sound III -Investigations Biochemical and hematological investigations: Measurement of  Complete blood count.  C-reactive protein.  Serum copeptin. 1. Complete blood count (CBC) was done for all samples using sysmex KX-21N (Sysmex Corporation, New York, USA) for red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglob...