La presente comunicación representa un avance de la investigación “Concepciones de los profesores de ciencias sobre la diversidad cultural y sus implicaciones en la enseñanza. Estudio a nivel declarativo”. Se pregunta por las dimensiones que permiten establecer las concepciones de los profesores y en qué medida éstas superan posturas epistemológicas internalistas al tratar aspectos relacionados con la diversidad y contextos culturales. Los estudios sobre las concepciones de los profesoresde ciencias muestran diversas tendencias tal y como se muestra en la introducción. Las técnicas para recolección de información, propia de la metodología usada, se fundamentaron en el análisis de dos entrevistas semiestructuradas, elaboradas a partir de cuatro situaciones2 a dos maestros; un profesor que labora en la ciudad de San Juan de Pasto (Colombia) perteneciente a una comunidad indígena y una profesora citadina y que desarrolla sus actividades docentes en la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia). Las concepciones son disimiles entre ellas y muestran una alta relación con el contexto cultural y la conciencia de la existencia de la diversidad cultural.
In this research we approach the particular realities of the schools located at the fisherman and tourist village of Taganga (Santa Marta, Colombia) with the intention of fostering and investigating the inclusion of fishermen's traditional knowledge in the science classrooms through a teaching sequence. Two intercultural science education initiatives: "teaching as a bridge between scientific knowledge at school and traditional ecological knowledge" and "culturally-sensitive science education" were placed in dialogue for this process. In order to inquire into the necessary conditions to consolidate the teaching sequence an intervention prototype was developed for the "seasons of the year" unit in elementary school, in collaboration with local teachers, fishermen and a woman. Then it was implemented at a local school by a teacher in a third grade elementary school science classroom (involving 8-9 years old students). Based on classroom observations during the prototype implementation, discourse analysis of classroom interactions, and semantic interpretations of students' narratives, our analysis suggests that the intervention prototype may be explicitly designed to assist teachers in getting involved in dialogues with different ways of knowing and, also, in promoting awareness and recognition of different knowledge systems. This may demand particular guidelines in the intervention design for confronting arguments and looking for complementarities between arguments, as well as for enriching the value criteria used during class to approach ideas and concepts.
El presente artículo se configuró a partir de la versión del marco teórico y los antecedentes del proyecto de investigación “Concepciones de los profesores de ciencias sobre la diversidad cultural y sus implicaciones en la enseñanza”1. Se inicia con una idea de diversidad cultural, apoyada en Mauss, Douglas y Bruner. Luego se argumenta cómo el problema de la diversidad implica emergencias y complejidades que incluyen lo político, la configuración de la identidad y la memoria cultural, que actúan como un mecanismo de recuerdo y olvido. En esta dialéctica, se describen algunos trazos de nuestra propia constitución cultural. Con este marco se caracterizan posibles relaciones entre diversidad cultural y educación. Así, se pueden destacar varias reflexiones, entendidas como un abreboca para iniciar la discusión en torno a lo educativo y en relación con lo diverso, apareciendo entonces, notas para comprender la homogeneización en la educación y las relaciones entre diversidad cultural, educación y enseñanza de las ciencias. La polaridad descrita se discute en el marco de la educación en ciencias como campo de investigación, ya que es tal vez en el que los debates sobre homogenización y la diversidad se manifiestan con gran “efervescencia”, dado que la ciencia encarna uno de los pilares más importantes de la modernidad.
We discuss the results of a qualitative research with science teachers that serve students from traditional communities. The aim is to analyze their conceptions on the importance of teaching and how to teach Western science to students from these communities. Data collection is carried out through semi-structured interviews with four teachers who work in a public school in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The analysis starts from the construction of narratives, generating thematic categories and epistemic positioning of teachers’ conceptions. The results indicate that, for those teachers, teaching Western science to students from traditional communities is important for the expansion of their knowledge and their active participation in different sociocultural environments, through methods that include intercultural dialogue. However, their answers have contradictions, which allow us to infer that their conceptions transit into the four epistemic positions on science teaching and cultural diversity: Epistemological Pluralism, Interculturalism, Multiculturalism, and Universalism, with the first two being the most emphasized. This reveals a dilemma between what they conceive as goals and links for science education, and what they practice as teachers, which is possibly influenced by school pedagogy provided by public policies of national education. We consider implications of these conceptions and positions for teacher education and science teaching sensitive to cultural diversity.
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