RESUMENLa arahuana Osteoglossum bicirrhosum es un importante pez ornamental cuyas larvas y alevinos se exportan al mercado asiático. Esta alta demanda genera grandes presiones de pesca sobre sus poblaciones naturales, siendo necesario generar información genética de sus poblaciones que permitan elaborar planes de manejo para la especie. Para ello, diez loci microsatélites fueron analizados para evaluar la variabilidad genética de 299 individuos de arahuana en cinco localidades de la Amazonía peruana. Los resultados del dendrograma de agrupamiento según la distancia de Nei (1978) muestran que las localidades forman tres grupos principales (Bootstrap = 91): Huicungo-El Dorado (Bootstrap = 73), El Estrecho-Huapapa (Bootstrap = 73) y Rimachi. Estas agrupaciones fueron corroboradas por el estimador F , observándose diferenciación st genética no significante únicamente entre las localidades del El Dorado versus Huicungo y El Estrecho versus Huapapa (F = 0,05 y 0,07 respectivamente). Estos resultados muestran también un aislamiento genético por st la distancia en línea recta entre pares de localidades, demostrando una dispersion de los peces preferencialmente por la llanura de inundación y no por el cauce de los ríos.KEYWORDS: microsatélites, genética de poblaciones, peces ornamentales. FIRST STUDY OF THE GENETIC VARIABILITY OF SILVER AROWANA Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (Cuvier, 1829) IN THE LORETO REGION (PERUVIAN AMAZONIA) ABSTRACTThe silver arowana Osteoglossum bicirrhosum is an important ornamental fish which larvae and young fish are exported to the Asian market. This high demand creates great fishing pressures on the natural populations, while it is necessary to generate genetic information of their populations enabling develop management plans of the specie. For this, ten microsatellite loci were analyzed to assess the genetic variability of 299 individuals of O. bicirrhosum in five localities in the Peruvian Amazon. The results of the clustering dendrogram (multivariate analysis built from distances of Nei, 1978) show that localities form three main groups (Bootstrap = 91): Huicungo-El Dorado (Bootstrap = 73), the Estrecho-Huapapa (Bootstrap = 73) and Rimachi. These groups were corroborated by the estimator F , showing no significant genetic st differentiation between localities El Dorado-Huicungo and El Estrecho-Huapapa (F = 0.05 and 0.07, st respectively), These results also show a genetic isolation by the straight-line distance between pairs of localities, demonstrating a dispersion of fish preferentially by the floodplain and not by the channel of the rivers.PALABRAS CLAVE: microsatellites, population genetics, ornamental fish. FOLIA Amazónica
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