-The degree of blast resistance of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Araguaia has decreased over time causing significant yield losses. The major objective of this study was to obtain blast (Pyricularia grisea) resistant somaclones, adapting greenhouse and field selection procedures. Rice blast resistance and agronomic traits were assessed in R 2 to R 6 generations derived from regenerant plants (R 1 ) from immature panicles of Araguaia. The evaluation and selection procedures include testing of early segregating populations and fixed lines in the advanced generations, under natural field conditions, and artificial inoculations in the greenhouse, with prevalent races IB-1 and IB-9 of P. grisea. Somaclones with both vertical resistance and slow blasting resistance were obtained. Twenty of 31 somaclones developed with a high degree of vertical resistance and fan shaped plant type maintained resistance in field and blast nursery tests in the R 6 generation. Greenhouse selection with two specific physiologic races yielded 44 somaclones with slow blasting resistance, similar plant type and yield potential as that of Araguaia.Index terms: Oryza sativa, Pyricularia grisea, somaclonal variation, tissue culture. DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SOMACLONES DA CULTIVAR ARAGUAIA RESISTENTES À BRUSONE EM ARROZ DE SEQUEIRORESUMO -O grau de resistência à brusone da cultivar de arroz (Oryza sativa) Araguaia tem decrescido ao longo dos anos, resultando em prejuízos significativos na produtividade. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi obter somaclones resistentes à brusone (Pyricularia grisea), adaptando os métodos de seleção em casa de vegetação e de campo. Foram avaliadas plantas regeneradas (R 1 ) de panículas imaturas da cultivar Araguaia nas gerações R 2 a R 6 para resistência à brusone e características agronô-micas. O método de avaliação e seleção de plantas envolveu avaliações de populações segregantes e linhagens fixadas, em condições naturais de infecção no campo, e infecções artificiais em casa de vegetação com duas raças prevalecentes de P. grisea IB-1 e IB-9. Foram obtidos somaclones com resistência vertical e progresso lento de brusone. Vinte de 31 somaclones desenvolvidos com alto grau de resistência vertical e tipo de planta em leque apresentaram estabilidade da resistência no campo e nos viveiros de brusone na geração R 6 . No procedimento de seleção em casa de vegetação com duas raças específicas, foram obtidos 44 somaclones com progresso lento de brusone, as quais não diferiram da Araguaia quanto ao tipo de planta e potencial de produtividade.Termos para indexação: Oryza sativa, Pyricularia grisea, variação somaclonal, cultura de tecido.
RESUMO A seleção de plantas mais eficientes no uso do fósforo é importante para tornar mais econômica a cultura do arroz e, assim, maximizar a produção de grãos. Conduziu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de estudar as inter-relações que possam ocorrer entre a eficiência no uso do P e outras características da planta do arroz (Oryza sativa L.). Foram avaliados 25 genó-tipos de terras altas cultivados em solo e in vitro, nos níveis baixo (0 mg de P dm -3 ) e alto (150 mg de P dm -3 , em solo, e 17 mg de P dm -3 em meio de cultura).Em solo com nível baixo de P, a altura e o número de raízes da planta foram as caraterísticas que tiveram maior efeito direto na eficiência de utilização do P. No nível alto de P, o número de folhas e comprimento das raízes da planta foram as caraterísticas que tiveram maior efeito direto. In vitro, tanto no baixo como no alto nível de P, o teor de P acumulado e o volume da raiz foram as caraterísticas que tiveram maior efeito direto na eficiência de utilização do P. TERMOS PARA INDEXAÇÃO:Oryza sativa, correlação, raízes, folhas, fósforo. PHOSPHORUS UTILIZATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ROOT AND TOP OF RICE PLANTABSTRACT The improvement of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) for better P use efficiency is important to decrease the cost of rice production and maximizing yields. The objective of the present study was to understand the relationship among root and shoot characteristics with P use efficiency and other characteristics of the rice plant. Twenty-five genotypes of rice were grown in soil and in vitro under two level of P: low (0 mg of P dm -3) and high (150 mg of P dm -3 ) in soil, and 0 and 17 mg of P dm -3 in vitro. In soil at low level of P, the plant height and number of root per plant had the highest direct effect on P use efficiency. At high P level, the number of leaves per plant and root length had the highest direct effect on P use efficiency. In vitro, under all conditions of evaluation and levels of P, the level of P accumulation in the plant and root volume had the highest direct effect on P use efficiency.
Tissue cultures were established from newly expanded leaves and axillary buds of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.). Calli formed from these explants, but no regeneration occurred. Shoots were obtained from axillary buds cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium (Physiol. Plant. 15: 473-497, 1962) supplemented with 1.0 mg/l kinetin, 1.0 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 20 g/l sucrose and 4 g/l Difco agar. Formation of a root similar to a tap root was induced on MS medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 3.0 mg/l indolylbutyric acid (IBA), 50 g/l sucrose and 4 g/l Difco agar. Several types of explants were used in attempts to recover complete rubber tree plants with well-developed tap roots. Leaf explants and axillary buds formed calli on MS basic medium with different combinations of kinetin, benzylaminopurine (BAP), 2,4-D, IBA, NAA and indolylacetic acid (IAA). The antibiotic tetracycline was also used to control possible bacterial infections. However, no antibiotic effect was noted. Calli formation was abundant, but no regeneration was observed when the calli from different media was transferred to MS medium without growth hormones. On this basic medium, callus cultures became necrotic and died. Shoots developed from axillary buds, rooted vigorously when cultured on MS medium with NAA, IAA, and IBA. Based on these results, further studies with commercially important clones should lead to a feasible micropropagation technique.
Culturas de tecidos in vitro foram estabelecidas de folhas recém-expandidas e de gemas axilares de seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.). Houve formação de calos nestes explantes mas a regeneração destes calos em embrióides não ocorreu. Brotos foram obtidos de gemas axilares cultivadas no meio de cultura básico de MS (Murashige and Skoog (Physiol. Plant. 15: 473-497, 1962)), suplementado com 1,0 mg/l de cinetina, 1,0 mg/l de ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D), 20 g/l de sacarose e 4 g/l de ágar Difco. Para o desenvolvimento do sistema radicular com raiz pivotante o meio de cultura usado foi o MS, suplementado com 5,0 mg/l de ácido naftalenoacético (NAA); 3,0 mg/l de ácido indolilbutírico (IBA); 50 g/l sacarose e 4,0 g/l ágar Difco
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.